At pH values greater than the pKa of the carboxylic acid group ( mean for the 20 common amino acids is about 2. 2, see the table of amino acid structures above ), the negative carboxylate ion predominates.

At pH values lower than the pKa of the α-ammonium group ( mean for the 20 common α-amino acids is about 9. 4 ), the nitrogen is predominantly protonated as a positively charged α-ammonium group.

At pH values between the two pKa values, the zwitterion predominates, but coexists in dynamic equilibrium with small amounts of net negative and net positive ions.

At pH 4. 8, the interior of the lysosomes is acidic compared to the slightly alkaline cytosol ( pH 7. 2 ).

At high pH, sarin decomposes rapidly to nontoxic phosphonic acid derivatives.

At 25 ° C, considered the standard temperature, the pH value of a neutral solution is 7. 0.

At the same time, the separating part of the gel also has a pH value in which the buffer ions on average carry a greater charge, causing them to " outrun " the SDS-covered proteins and eliminate the ion gradient and thereby the stacking effect.

At the mean pH of the laryngopharynx ( pH

At high temperatures, the rate of collagen loss will be accelerated and extreme pH can cause collagen swelling and accelerated hydrolysis.

At a pH equal to the protonated base's pKa, the protonated ( ionized ) and unprotonated ( unionized ) forms of the molecule exist in equimolar amounts but only the unprotonated base diffuses readily across cell membranes.

At a lower pH, further chlorination occurs.

At a pH of 7, the enzymes that were present from the stomach are no longer active.

At all pH values other than their isoelectric point, proteins will be charged.

At pH < 5. 89 ( pH < pK < sub > 1 </ sub >) the hydrogen chromate ion is predominant in dilute solution but the dichromate ion is predominant in more concentrated solutions.

At pH 12-13, any ammonium ion in the sample is converted to ammonia gas and is ultimately detected by the electrode.

At this pH, most toxic metals become insoluble and precipitate, aided by the presence of recycled sludge.

At neutral pH, the dye absorbs red light most strongly and transmits blue light.

At low pH, the dye absorbs ultraviolet and blue light most strongly and appears yellow in solution.

At pH 7, glucose exists in solution in cyclic hemiacetal form as 63. 6 % β-D-glucopyranose and 36. 4 % α-D-glucopyranose, the proportion of linear and furanose form being negligible.

At the neutral pH outside of the cell the E2 envelope protein covers the E1 protein.

At high temperatures, above 24-27 ° C, the solvent melts and the salt dissociates, reversibly reacts with the weak acid and increases the pH.

At such hearings each party is allowed a brief presentation at which the appellate judges ask questions based on their review of the record below and the submitted briefs.

At the time, the periodic table had been restructured by Seaborg to its present layout, containing the actinide row below the lanthanide one.

At extremely rare intervals the thermometer has fallen below zero (- 18 ° C ), as was the case in the remarkable cold wave of the 12th-13 February 1899, when an absolute minimum of-17 ° F (- 29 ° C ) was registered at Valley Head.

At the same time, the subjugated " allied " tribes of Moesia and Thrace evidently repudiated their treaties with Rome, as they had to be re-conquered by Augustus in 29-8 BC ( see below ).

At, the Channel Tunnel possesses the longest undersea portion of any tunnel in the world, although the Seikan Tunnel in Japan is both longer overall at and deeper at below sea level.

At temperatures below, it alloys with cobalt, iron, molybdenum, nickel, platinum, tantalum or tungsten.

At low refresh rates ( below 50 Hz ), the periodic scanning of the display may produce an irritating flicker that some people perceive more easily than others, especially when viewed with peripheral vision.

At rates below 12 frame / s most people can detect jerkiness associated with the drawing of new images which detracts from the illusion of realistic movement.

Geoffroy's Affinity Table ( 1718 ): At the head of the column is a substance with which all the substances below can combine, where each column below the header is ranked by degrees of " affinity ".

At a price below equilibrium, there is a shortage of quantity supplied compared to quantity demanded.

At creation, players select each character's adventuring occupation ( such as a wizard, ranger, or cleric – called a class – see below for particulars ), a patron deity, and starting city.

At dawn, Key was able to see an American flag still waving and reported this to the prisoners below deck.

At this time a further design evolved, reintroducing oars to create the galley frigate such as the Charles Galley of 1676 which was rated as a 32-gun fifth rate but also had a bank of 40 oars set below the upper deck which could be used to propel the ship in the absence of a favourable wind.

At higher latitudes in summer, when the sun does not sink below the horizon, a day is counted from midday to midday, and in the winter, when the sun does not rise above the horizon, from midnight to midnight.

At the coastal city Mombasa, the air changes from cool to hot, almost every day ( see chart below ).

Lithium is superconductive below 400 μK at standard pressure and at higher temperatures ( more than 9 K ) at very high pressures (> 20 GPa ) At temperatures below 70 K, lithium, like sodium, undergoes diffusionless phase change transformations.

At the same time, the municipalities were reorganised, according to the table below.

At some of the mithraeums which have been found below churches, for example the Santa Prisca mithraeum and the San Clemente mithraeum, the ground plan of the church above was made in a way to symbolize Christianity's domination of Mithraism.

At penetrations below 20 % of the grid demand, this does not severely change the economics ; but beyond about 20 % of the total demand, external storage will become important.

At the same time, the SS-Gaus were expanded into three SS-Oberführerbereiche as listed below

At 95. 2 ° C, below its melting temperature, cyclo-octasulfur changes from α-octasulfur to the β-polymorph.

At significantly shallower depths, above the Moho, calcic plagioclase is the more stable aluminous mineral in peridotite, while garnet is the stable phase deeper in the mantle below the spinel stability region.