At radio and microwave frequencies, EMR interacts with matter largely as a bulk collection of charges which are spread out over large numbers of affected atoms.

At present, cavity magnetrons are commonly used in microwave ovens and in various radar applications.

At the time the most powerful equivalent microwave producer available in the US ( a klystron ) had a power of only ten watts.

At such extreme long range the antenna would be unable to provide any propulsion, but Starwisp would be able to use its wire sail to collect and convert some of the microwave energy into electricity to operate its sensors and transmit the data it collects back home.

At these temperatures ( 10 to 20 kelvins ) the radiation is in the microwave or infrared range of the spectrum.

At microwave frequencies, the reactance of signal traces becomes a crucial part of the physical layout of the circuit.

At Stanford Professor Bracewell constructed a microwave spectroheliograph ( 1961 ), a large and complex radio telescope which produced daily temperature maps of the sun reliably for eleven years, the duration of a solar cycle.

At one time these were used as the backbone for a national line-of-sight microwave telecommunications network.

At the time, IMC was in the process of industrialising a unique South African invention, the Tellurometer, the first successful microwave electronic distance measurement equipment ( EDM ).

At this point subproject 27 was merely a funding subproject which combined all previous subprojects, including those involving LSD, payment to Sandoz, magic and the art of distraction John Mulholland's manual ( subproject 15 magic support, Mulholland Supplement ) and the procurement of more LSD ( subproject 18 ) but it continues on to include almost 150 known and documented subprojects including a microwave gun and the search for alternatives to LSD which lead to the later programs like Chickwit, most of which focused on South America and mushrooms.

At about this time another huge civil engineering project was underway in Canada, the construction of a cross-Canada microwave relay telephone system.

At MIT in the early 1960s, Ali Javan started a research project aimed at extending microwave frequency-measuring techniques into the infrared, he then developed the first absolutely accurate measurement of the speed of light.

At retirement after 30 years of cooperation with the company, he was the Associate Director of Research for Motorola's Government Electronics Division, had 30 patents related to VHF and microwave communications, was an IEEE Fellow and author of numerous technical papers and a chapter in the " Communication System Engineering Handbook ".

At microwave frequencies, the first real invisibility cloak was realized in 2006.

At this temperature the material has a very low heat capacity according to the Debye law, thus incoming microwave light will cause a strong temperature change, proportional to the intensity of the incoming waves, which is measured with sensitive thermometers.

At that moment, photons nearly stopped their interactions with charged matter and " decoupled ", producing the cosmic microwave background radiation as we know it.

At high frequencies ( e. g., microwave frequencies ), the use of power and energy variables is more appropriate, and the two-port current – voltage approach is replaced by an approach based upon scattering parameters.

At the live broadcast, Bart is invited up on stage with Bob, where he points out the facts regarding the microwave and magazine.

At the time of its construction, Aliant Tower was the tallest microwave communications tower of its kind in North America.

At the exit, one antenna emits a low-frequency ( about 100 kHz ) field, and another one emits a microwave field.

At 298 K, X-band microwave frequencies ( ≈ 9. 75 GHz ) give ≈ 0. 998, meaning that the upper energy level has a smaller population than the lower one.

At its launch, CFCM immediately linked up with both the CBC and SRC microwave networks.

At that time, an arrangement was made for channel 15 to officially become a CBS secondary affiliate, picking up a microwave relay of WAFB in Baton Rouge for network programming.

At Tokyo University of Science, he went on to pioneer the application of energy beam techniques to ultra precision materials processing ; these included electro discharge, microwave, electron beam, photon ( laser ) and ion beams.

At other frequencies, more radiant intensity is required to achieve the same luminous intensity, according to the frequency response of the human eye.

At the lower end of the electromagnetic spectrum, about 20 Hz to about 20 kHz, are frequencies that might be considered in the audio range.

At higher frequencies ( visible and beyond ), the effects of individual photons of the radiation begin to become important, as these now have enough energy individually directly or indirectly to damage biological molecules.

At high frequencies the capacitance begins to affect the inductor's behavior ; at some frequency, real inductors behave as resonant circuits, becoming self-resonant.

At higher frequencies, resistance and resistive losses in inductors grow due to skin effect in the inductor's winding wires.

At high frequencies, particularly radio frequencies ( RF ), inductors have higher resistance and other losses.

At VHF or higher frequencies an air core is likely to be used.

At frequencies offset from the strength of stimulated ( or spontaneous ) emission will be decreased according to the so-called " line shape ".

At higher frequencies, skin effect and proximity effect create additional winding resistance and losses.

At high frequencies, current travels near the surface of the wire because of the skin effect, resulting in increased power loss in the wire.

At frequencies much below VHF, ferrite circulators become impractically large.

At upper VHF and UHF frequencies, the metal skin of a car or aircraft can serve as a ground plane for whip antennas projecting from it.

At higher frequencies, the diode looks like an almost perfect ( very linear, even for large signals ) resistor.

At low frequencies, the charge can be removed and the diode turns off.

At higher frequencies, there is not enough time to remove the charge, so the diode never turns off.

At these frequencies, even small periodic driving forces can produce large amplitude oscillations, because the system stores vibrational energy.

At high frequencies, another effect called dielectric loss becomes significant, adding to the losses caused by resistance.

At high frequencies, current tends to run along the surface of the conductor.

At high enough frequencies 1 / ƒ noise is never dominant.

At higher frequencies, skin effect increases the effective resistance by confining the conduction to a thin layer of each conductor.

At high frequencies, a dielectric can have a significant resistive loss.

At low frequencies the field changes slowly enough to allow dipoles to reach equilibrium before the field has measurably changed.

At low frequencies, molecules in polar dielectrics are polarized by an applied electric field, which induces periodic rotations.