The Roman name for Athena is Minerva.

Minerva ( Etruscan: Menrva ) was the Roman goddess whom Romans from the 2nd century BC onwards equated with the Greek goddess Athena.

Like Athena, Minerva was born from the head of her father, Jupiter ( Greek Zeus ).

The very few extant Lemnian inscriptions suggest that the Etruscans may have originated in Asia Minor, in which case subsequent syncretism between Greek Athena and Italic Minerva may have been all the easier.

" Minerva was worshipped throughout Italy, though only in Rome did she take on the warlike character shared by Athena.

In Rome, Minerva later assumed a military aspect under the influence of Athena Pallas ( Polias ).

File: Testa di Minerva S. Giulia Brescia. JPG | Head of Athena, Roman copy

Pallas Athena ( better known as Athena, Minerva is her Roman name ) placed him in a willow basket and told the sisters not to look on the mysteries.

According to Ovid ( Metamorphoses ), a Roman poet writing in 8 AD, who was noted for accuracy regarding the Greek myths, Medusa alone had serpents in her hair, and he explained that this was due to Athena ( Roman Minerva ) cursing her.

), a Perseus, a satyr — Marsyas — admiring the flute and Minerva ( Athena ), a Hercules, which was taken to the shrine dedicated by Pompey the Great at the Circus Maximus, Discobolus ( the discus thrower ), and an Apollo for Ephesus, " which Antony the triumvir took from the Ephesians, but the deified Augustus restored it again after being warned in a dream ".

In his first chapter, " Economy ", Thoreau notes what he considers the valid objection of Momus / Momos against the house which Minerva / Athena made, that she " had not made it moveable, by which means a bad neighborhood might be avoided ".

Examples are Aritimi ( Artemis ), Menrva ( Minerva ; Latin equivalent of Athena ), and Pacha ( Bacchus ; Latin equivalent of Dionysus ), and over time the primary trinity became Tinia, Uni and Menrva.

Belisama was identified with Minerva / Athena and has been compared with Brigid

Her British and continental counterpart Brigantia seems to have been the Celtic equivalent of the Roman Minerva and the Greek Athena ( Encyclopædia Britannica: Celtic Religion ), goddesses with very similar functions and apparently embodying the same concept of ' elevated state ', whether physical or psychological.

The Greek gods were equated with the ancient Roman deities ; Zeus with Jupiter, Hera with Juno, Poseidon with Neptune, Aphrodite with Venus, Ares with Mars, Artemis with Diana, Athena with Minerva, Hermes with Mercury, Hephaestus with Vulcan, Hestia with Vesta, Demeter with Ceres, Hades with Pluto, Tyche with Fortuna, and Pan with Faunus.

In Ovid's telling, Perseus describes Medusa's punishment by Minerva ( Athena ) as just and well earned.

The seal features the Roman goddess Minerva ( Athena in Greek mythology ), the goddess of wisdom and war ; a California grizzly bear ( the official state animal ) feeding on grape vines, representing California's wine production ; a sheaf of grain, representing agriculture ; a miner, representing the California Gold Rush and the mining industry ; and sailing ships, representing the state's economic power.

The head of the Roman goddess Minerva ( Greek goddess Athena ) appears in the center of an oval with an outside star pattern surrounding the whole.

Very early, Minerva was identified with the Greek goddess Athena, and invested with many of that deity's characteristics and iconography.

He dedicated the city to the goddess Athena or Minerva, and in honour of her lit undying fires, whose flames turned to balls of stone as they grew low, with new ones springing up in their stead: an embellishment of an account from the fourth-century writer Solinus of the use of local coal on the altars of her temple.

It was discovered by J. C. Watson on August 24, 1867, and named after Minerva, the Roman equivalent of Athena, goddess of wisdom.

* Diodoros or Diodorus from Zeus ( genitive of Zeus is ' dios ') and Jovianus and Giovanni from Jupiter ; Poseidonios from Poseidon ; Athenodoros / Athenodora from Athena and Minervina from Minerva ; Apollodoros / Apollodora and Apollonios from Apollon ; Artemisia and Artemidoros / Artemidora from Artemis ; Aphrodesia from Aphrodite ; Hephaistion from Hephaistos ; Aria from Ares ; Hermione from Hermes ; Heliodoros / a from Helios ; Fortunatus from Fortuna ; Serapion from Serapis and Isidoros or Isidora from Isis.

The Trojan Palladium was said to be a wooden like image of Pallas ( whom the Greeks identified with Athena and the Romans with Minerva ) and to have fallen from heaven in answer to the prayer of Ilus, the founder of Troy.

Nearby is the temple of Athena.

Athena is reported as a source of influence for feminist theologians such as Carol P. Christ.

Athena is depicted in the obverse of the coin, representing the Austrian Republic.

Athena is an active character in Marvel Comics ' main continuity, the Marvel Universe, most recently in the Incredible Hercules series.

Still more different from Bachofen's perspective is the lack of role permanency in Freud's view: Freud held that time and differing cultures would mold Athena to stand for what was necessary to them.

The two terms may not have originally been distinguished ; though in Homer's poems nectar is usually the drink and ambrosia the food of the gods ; it was with ambrosia Hera " cleansed all defilement from her lovely flesh ", and with ambrosia Athena prepared Penelope in her sleep, so that when she appeared for the final time before her suitors, the effects of years had been stripped away and they were inflamed with passion at the sight of her.

Upon his assumption into immortality on Olympus, Heracles is given ambrosia by Athena, while the hero Tydeus is denied the same thing when the goddess discovers him eating human brains.

After the taking of Troy, it is said he rushed into the temple of Athena, where Cassandra had taken refuge, and was embracing the statue of the goddess in supplication.

When he wakes up, he is under the influence of a spell from Athena.

After Andromeda's death, as Euripides had promised Athena at the end of his Andromeda, produced in 412 BCE, the goddess placed her among the constellations in the northern sky, near Perseus and Cassiopeia ; the constellation Andromeda, so known since antiquity, is named after her.

His value as a war god is even placed in doubt: during the Trojan War, Ares was on the losing side, while Athena, often depicted in Greek art as holding Nike ( Victory ) in her hand, favored the triumphant Greeks.

To the south of the entrance is the tiny Temple of Athena Nike.

At the centre of the Acropolis is the Parthenon or Temple of Athena Parthenos ( Athena the Virgin ).

The temple of Athena Nike is the only edifice still unfinished, pending proper reassembly of its parts, all of which survive practically intact.

The Aegis (), as stated in the Iliad, is the shield or buckler or breastplate, of Athena or Zeus, which, according to Homer was fashioned by Hephaestus.

" Aegis-bearing Zeus ", as he is in the Iliad, sometimes lends the fearsome goatskin to Athena.

There also is the origin myth that represents the ægis as a fire-breathing chthonic monster similar to the Chimera, which was slain and flayed by Athena, who afterward wore its skin as a cuirass ( Diodorus Siculus iii.

The Greek Revival façade facing Great Russell Street is a characteristic building of Sir Robert Smirke, with 44 columns in the Ionic order high, closely based on those of the temple of Athena Polias at Priene in Asia Minor.

In January 1204, the protovestiarius Alexius Murzuphlus provoked a riot, it is presumed, to intimidate Alexius IV, but whose only result was the destruction of the great statue of Athena, the work of Phidias, which stood in the principal forum facing west.

The Tholos at the sanctuary of Athena Pronaia is a circular building that was constructed between 380 and 360 BC.

Tauropolos is an ancient epithet attached to Hecate, Artemis and even Athena.