Atmospheric pressures are usually stated using kilopascal ( kPa ), or atmospheres ( atm ), except in American meteorology where the hectopascal ( hPa ) and millibar ( mbar ) are preferred.

When the pressure is at ( or above ) 1013 mbar ( atmospheric pressure ), the configuration is called a TEA laser Transverse Electrical discharge in gas at Atmospheric pressure, this is also used for pressures down to 30 mbar.

The Needles weather station is frequently reported by the United State government's National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) as the site of the highest daily temperature recorded in the U. S. during the desert summers.

The Exmouth to Starcross Ferry is a passenger ferry that operates during the summer months across the Exe estuary to Starcross, where the pumping station for Brunel's Atmospheric Railway can be seen.

Some upper-air measurements used for severe-weather forecasting may reflect this point of diminishing returns for tornado formation, and the mentioned three situations were instances during which the rare but quite possible particularly dangerous situation severe thunderstorm variety of severe weather watches were issued from the Storm Prediction Center of the U. S. National Oceanic & Atmospheric Administration.

* AO ' Neill, WL Grose, VD Pope, H Maclean, R Swinbank, 1994, Evolution of the Stratosphere during Northern Winter 1991 / 92 as Diagnosed from U. K. Meteorological Office Analyses, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences volume 51, issue 20 ( October 1994 ) pp. 2800 – 2817 link

Around 1844 the ' Up ' ( London bound ) platform was re-sited during the installation of the Atmospheric railway equipment used by the railway.

Atmospheric humidity is extremely high during the peak monsoon period.

The United States ' National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration uses mean lower low water ( MLLW ), which is the average of the lowest tide recorded at a tide station each day during the recording period.

Klain lives in Chevy Chase, Maryland, with his wife Monica Medina ( currently serving as Principal Deputy Undersecretary for Oceans and Atmosphere in the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ; she is also an environmental activist, lawyer, and during the late Clinton Administration was General Counsel of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ) and their children Hannah, Michael and Daniel.

The observatory is known for its pioneering work in ground-based gamma-ray astronomy through the development of the Imaging Atmospheric Cherenkov Technique ( IACT ) with the Whipple 10-meter Telescope during the early 1980s.

Atmospheric conditions block the flow of moisture in summer, which is generally dry except for occasional thunderstorms in the interior.

Based on the Modified Coronas Climate Classification Scheme by the Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical and Astronomical Service Administration ( PAGASA ), Isabela City is classified under Type III zone, in which there are no pronounced maximum rain periods with short dry season lasting from 1 to 3 months.

Atmospheric drag took its toll, however, and the station reentered over South America 55 months later.

Other fields where chemical degrees are useful include Astrochemistry ( and Cosmochemistry ), Atmospheric chemistry, Chemical Engineering, Chemo-informatics, Electrochemistry, Environmental science, Forensic science, Geochemistry, Green chemistry, History of chemistry, Materials science, Medical science, Molecular Biology, Molecular genetics, Nanotechnology, Nuclear chemistry, Oenology, Organometallic chemistry, Petrochemistry, Pharmacology, Photochemistry, Phytochemistry, Polymer chemistry, Supramolecular chemistry and Surface chemistry.

Water levels for the Ohio River from Smithland Lock and Dam upstream to Pittsburgh are predicted daily by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Ohio River Forecast Center.

The water levels for the Ohio River from Smithland Lock and Dam to Cairo, Illinois, are predicted by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's Lower Mississippi River Forecast Center.

Atmospheric tides are both gravitational and thermal in origin and are the dominant dynamics from about, above which the molecular density becomes too low to support fluid behavior.

Atmospheric water generators are in development.

Research programs, including field projects such as the VORTEX projects ( Verification of the Origins of Rotation in Tornadoes Experiment ), deployment of TOTO ( the TOtable Tornado Observatory ), Doppler On Wheels ( DOW ), and dozens of other programs, hope to solve many questions that still plague meteorologists .< ref name =" field programs history "> Universities, government agencies such as the National Severe Storms Laboratory, private-sector meteorologists, and the National Center for Atmospheric Research are some of the organizations very active in research ; with various sources of funding, both private and public, a chief entity being the National Science Foundation.

Atmospheric ducting is a mode of propagation of electromagnetic radiation, usually in the lower layers of Earth ’ s atmosphere, where the waves are bent by atmospheric refraction.

Radio blackouts caused by space weather are measured by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration on a scale that goes from 1 ( minor ) to 5 ( extreme ).

* Atmospheric duct, a horizontal layer in the lower atmosphere in which the vertical refractive index gradients are such that radio signals ( a ) are guided or ducted, ( b ) tend to follow the curvature of the Earth, and ( c ) experience less attenuation in the ducts than they would if the ducts were not present

Atmospheric lapse rate and convective depth are directly affected by both the mesoscale lake environment and the synoptic environment ; a deeper convective depth with increasingly steep lapse rates and a suitable moisture level will allow for thicker, taller lake effect precipitation clouds and naturally a much greater precipitation rate.

Atmospheric and fog attenuation, which are exponential in nature, limit practical range of FSO devices to several kilometres.

* Atmospheric water generators are used to make distilled water from air.

According to the World Meteorological Organization's Commission for Atmospheric Sciences ( Mclnturff, 1978 ): a stratospheric warming can be said to be major if 10 mb or below the latitudinal mean temperature increases poleward from 60 degree latitude and an associated circulation reversal is observed ( that is, the prevailing mean westerly winds poleward of 60 latitude are succeeded by mean easterlies in the same area ).

Atmospheric and oceanic GCMs ( AGCM and OGCM ) are key components of global climate models along with sea ice and land-surface components.

Atmospheric GHG levels are usually supplied as an input, though it is possible to include a carbon cycle model including land vegetation and oceanic processes to calculate GHG levels.

In the US, there are non-military, administrative, training and certification Corps for commissioned officers of the government's uniformed services, such as the United States Public Health Service Commissioned Corps and the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Commissioned Corps.

According to the American National Center for Atmospheric Research, " The total mean mass of the atmosphere is 5. 1480 kg with an annual range due to water vapor of 1. 2 or 1. 5 kg depending on whether surface pressure or water vapor data are used ; somewhat smaller than the previous estimate.

All standard airways are plotted on aeronautical charts, such as U. S. sectional charts, issued by the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ).

The numbers of the Atlantic wolffish are rapidly being depleted apparently due to overfishing and bycatch, and is currently a Species of Concern according to the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Marine Fisheries Service.

Atmospheric nitrogen or elemental nitrogen ( N < sub > 2 </ sub >) is relatively inert: it does not easily react with other chemicals to form new compounds.

Atmospheric drag exerts a significant effect at the altitudes of space stations, space shuttles and other manned Earth-orbit spacecraft, and satellites with relatively high " low earth orbits " such as the Hubble Space Telescope.

i ) Atmospheric tides are primarily excited by the Sun's heating of the atmosphere whereas ocean tides are primarily excited by the Moon's gravitational field.

Atmospheric lift will also generally produce cloud cover through adiabatic cooling once the air becomes saturated as it rises, although the low-pressure area typically bring cloudy skies, which act to minimize diurnal temperature extremes.

The Chagossians help United States National Oceanic and Atmospheric Agency personnel bring equipment ashore in 1968.

According to Dave Doyle at the National Geodetic Survey, part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the common corner of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware, at The Wedge is marked by Boundary Monument # 87.

The US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration ( NOAA ) released a statement with strongly worded criticism, saying that the new agreement was " a marked improvement over the current rules, but it is insufficient to guarantee the long-term viability of either the fish or the fishery ".

Atmospheric lift caused by low-level wind convergence into the surface low brings clouds and potentially precipitation.

Atmospheric disturbances ( storms ) flow on the path of least resistance by flowing toward zones of low barometric pressure, where lower air density offers less impedance to the storm system than higher pressure zones.

Atmospheric lift caused by low-level wind convergence into the surface low brings clouds and potentially precipitation.

Atmospheric extinction and the need to find a site with a clear southern horizon make seeing even bright objects this low difficult ; the " sometimes contracted, diffused, extinguished " remarks quoted above hint at atmospheric effects caused by the low apparent altitude of the object.

* Atmospheric diffusivity: low, Ibimet CNR 2002