In response, Ataulf appointed as emperor Priscus Attalus, who had already been a usurper against Honorius in 410.

In spring of 336 BC, Philip II appointed Attalus and Parmenion as commanders of the advance force that would invade the Persian Empire in Asia Minor.

He captures the usurper Priscus Attalus and sends him under military escort to Ravenna.

Attalus took his revenge by inviting Pausanias to dinner, getting him drunk, then subjecting him to sexual assault.

When Pausanias complained to Philip the king felt unable to chastise Attalus, as he was about to send him to Asia with Parmenion, to establish a bridgehead for his planned invasion.

Rather than offend Attalus, Philip tried to mollify Pausanias by elevating him within the bodyguard.

Attalus I of Pergamum, who is with his fleet at Aegina, receives an embassy from Athens asking him to come to the city for consultations.

Eumenes names the city after his brother, Attalus, whose loyalty earns him the nickname, " Philadelphus ", literally meaning " one who loves his brother ".

* At a grand celebration of his daughter Cleopatra's marriage to Alexander I of Epirus ( brother of Olympias ), Philip II is assassinated at Aegae by Pausanias of Orestis, a young Macedonian noble with a bitter grievance against the young queen's uncle Attalus and against Philip for denying him justice.

Jovinus ' end came after the Visigoths under Ataulf left Italy ( at Priscus Attalus ' advice ), ostensibly to join him, carrying with them as hostages the ex-emperor Attalus and Galla Placidia, Honorius ' half-sister.

Devastated, Attalus sought to punish Pausanias of Orestis, and did so by getting the man drunk, and then submitting him to a rape.

They had no food to offer, but they tried to give him imperial legitimacy ; with the Senate's acquiescence, he elevated Priscus Attalus as his puppet emperor, and he marched on Ravenna.

Attalus tricks Philip into thinking that Olympias and Alexander are trying to betray him.

Eumenes adopted his second cousin, Attalus I, who succeeded him as ruler of Pergamon.

He later fell out of favour with the Romans after they suspected him of conspiring with Perseus of Macedon and consequently in 167 BC, the Romans made an abortive attempt to suborn his brother Attalus II, as a pretender to the Pergamene throne and refused Eumenes entry into Italy to plead his case.

Eumenes II named the city for the love of his brother, who would be his successor, Attalus II ( 159-138 BC ), whose loyalty earned him the nickname, " Philadelphos ", literally meaning " one who loves his brother ".

The date of Mithridates ’ accession to the Pontian throne is utterly mysterious, since we first hear of him as ruler in 154 BC, when he is mentioned as sending an auxiliary force to the assistance of King of Pergamon, Attalus II Philadelphus, against the King of Bithynia, Prusias II.

This war lasted for many years, but Antiochus was at of length entirely defeated, chiefly through the efforts of Attalus, king of Pergamon, who drove him out of Anatolia.

After leaving Heraclea, Attalus and Sulpicius sacked both Oreus, on the northern coast of Euboea and Opus, the chief city of eastern Locris.

At the command of Antipater he fought against Attalus and Alcetas, both partizans of Perdiccas, but was conquered by them.

* The city of Pergamum is attacked by the Galatians ( Celts who have settled in central Anatolia ) because the leader of Pergamum, Attalus I Soter, has refused to pay them the customary tribute.

* The Seleucid king Seleucus III is assassinated in Phrygia by members of his army while on campaign against Attalus of Pergamon.

In 336 BC Phillip II sent Parmenion, with Amyntas, Andromenes and Attalus and an army of 10, 000 men, to make preparations for the reduction of Asia.

At the time of the accession of Alexander the Great to the Macedonian throne, Attalus was stationed with Parmenion and the Macedonian advance army in Asia Minor.

Calas or Callas ( Greek Κάλας or Κάλλας ; lived 4th century BC ) was an ancient Greek, son of Harpalus of Elimiotis and first cousin to Antigonus, king of Asia, who held a command in the army which Philip II sent into Anatolia under Parmenion and Attalus, 336 BC, to further his cause among the Greek cities there.

After the murder of Perdiccas, all his friends were condemned to death by the army ; Atalante, who was in the camp, was immediately executed, but Attalus escaped his wife's fate in consequence of his absence with the fleet at Pelusium.

Constantius drove Ataulf into Hispania, and Attalus, having again lost Visigoth support, was captured and deposed.

He sent an advance force into Asia Minor under the command of his generals Parmenion and Attalus to " liberate " the Greeks living under Persian control.

Roma as " divine sponsor " of athletics and pan-Hellenic culture seems to have dovetailed neatly into a well-established and enthusiastic festival circuit, and temples to her were outnumbered by her civic statues and dedications, In 133 BCE Attalus III bequeathed the people and territories of Pergamon to Rome, as to a trusted ally and protector.

Attalus fled, fell into the hands of Constantius, and came to a bad end.

Meanwhile Sulpicius sailed round into the Aegean and joined Attalus on Aegina for the winter.

To secure his honor, Attalus ' friend committed suicide by recklessly putting himself into danger in battle, while at the same time protecting the king.

Attalus I, the first Attalid king of Pergamon, explained that when Philetaerus was a baby, he was brought into a crowd where he was pressed upon and his testicles were crushed.

Attalus failed to establish his control over the Diocese of Africa, and no grain arrived in Rome where the famine became even more frightful.

Alaric lifted his blockade after proclaiming Attalus as Western Emperor.

Negotiations with Honorius broke down, and Alaric deposed Attalus in the summer of 410, and besieged Rome for the third time.

With their consent, he set up a rival emperor, the prefect of the city, a Greek named Priscus Attalus.

Aegina passed with the rest of Greece under the successive domination of Macedon, the Aetolians, Attalus of Pergamum and Rome.

On display in the Ancient Agora Museum in Athens, housed in the Stoa of Attalus.

With the agreement of the Senate he supported the usurpation of Priscus Attalus.

In 414, Constantius attacked Ataulf, who proclaimed Priscus Attalus emperor again.

In the eleventh consulship of Honorius and the second of Constantius, the Emperor entered Rome in triumph, with Attalus at the wheels of his chariot.

Honorius punished Attalus by cutting off his right finger and thumb, inflicting the same fate that Attalus threatened Honorius with.

Remembering how Attalus had suggested that Honorius should retire to some small island, he returned the favor by banishing Attalus to the island of Lipara.

Hierax tried to defeat king Attalus I of Pergamum ( 241 – 197 BC ), but instead, the Hellenized cities united under Attalus's banner, and his armies inflicted several severe defeats upon them in about 232 B. C., forcing them to settle permanently and to confine themselves to the region to which they had already given their name.

Oinochoe depicting a hoplite wearing his armour, 550 – 525 BC, Athens Agora Museum, in the Stoa of Attalus.

During the Third Macedonian War, thirty-five vessels allied to Rome, carrying about 1, 000 Galatian troops, as well as a number of horses, were sent by Eumenes II to his brother Attalus.

The Attalids, the descendants of Attalus, father of Philetaerus who came to power in 281 BC following the collapse of the Kingdom of Thrace, were among the most loyal supporters of Rome in the Hellenistic world.

Under Attalus I ( 241-197 BC ), they allied with Rome against Philip V of Macedon, during the first and second Macedonian Wars, and again under Eumenes II ( 197-158 BC ), against Perseus of Macedon, during the Third Macedonian War.

When Attalus III ( 138-133 BC ) died without an heir in 133 BC, he bequeathed the whole of Pergamon to Rome, in order to prevent a civil war.

* The Heroön-a shrine where the kings of Pergamon, particularly, Attalus I and Eumenes II, were worshipped.

The first book sketches briefly the history of the early Roman emperors from Augustus to Diocletian ( 305 ); the second, third and fourth deal more fully with the period from the accession of Constantius Chlorus and Galerius to the death of Theodosius I ; the fifth and sixth, the most useful for historians, cover the period between 395 and 410, when Priscus Attalus was deposed ; for this period, he is the most important surviving non-ecclesiastical source.

* Attalus I Soter succeeds his uncle, Eumenes I, to the throne of Pergamum.

He negotiates with king Alaric I, who ceremonially deposes Priscus Attalus as co-emperor.