Muazzam, the third son of the emperor Aurangzeb through Nawab Bai Begum Saheba, the daughter of Raja of Rajauri ( Jarral Rajput ), was born in Burhanpur in 1643.

Shrimant Rajaram Shivaji Raje Bhonsle Chhatrapati Maharaj ( 1670-March 2, 1700 Sinhagad ) was the younger son of the first Chhatrapati Shivaji, stepbrother of the second Chhatrapati Sambhaji, and took over the Maratha Empire as its third Chhatrapati after his brother's death at the hands of the Mughal Emperor, Aurangzeb in 1689.

In 1658, he fell ill and was confined by his son Emperor Aurangzeb in Agra Fort until his death in 1666.

He then chose his 16 year old son Aurangzeb to serve in his place and subdue the rebellion by the Bundela Rajputs led by the renegade Jhujhar Singh.

The Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan then chose his son Aurangzeb to become the Subedar of Deccan and ordered the annexation of Ahmednagar and the overthrow of the Nizam Shahi dynasty.

* July 31 – After his father Shah Jahan completes the Taj Mahal, his son Aurangzeb deposes him as ruler of the Mughal Empire.

Sambhaji gave shelter to Sultan Muhammad Akbar, the fourth son of Aurangzeb, who sought Sambhaji's aid in winning the Mughal throne from his emperor father.

Aurangzeb seated on The Peacock Throne, receives his son Bahadur Shah I | Prince Muazzam.

Here in Agra fort, Shah Jahan would spend eight of his last years as a prisoner of his son, Aurangzeb shuffling between the hallways of the palace, squinting at the distant silhouette of his famous Taj Mahal on the banks of River Jamuna ..

The developments in the hill area caused anxiety to the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, who sent forces under the command of his son, to restore Mughal authority in the region.

* His son Ram Rai, seeking to assuage concerns of Aurangzeb over one line in Guru Nanak Dev Ji's verse ( Mitti Musalmaan ki pede pai kumhar ) suggested that the word Musalmaan was a mistake on the copyist's part and substituted wording that placated Auranzeb's concerns, therefore distorting Bani.

Once, Dara Shikoh ( the eldest son of emperor Shah Jahan ), came to Guru Har Rai asking for help in the war of succession launched by his half-brother the murderous Aurangzeb.

Once Dara Shikoh, the eldest son of Shah Jahan fell seriously ill by some unknown disease ( usually explained as trimmings of tiger's whiskers sneaked into his food by his envious sibling, Aurangzeb .).

Despite strong support from Shah Jahan, who had recovered enough from his illness to remain a strong factor in the struggle for supremacy, and the victory of his army led by his eldest son Sulaiman Shikoh over Shah Shuja in the battle of Bahadurpur on February 14, 1658, Dara was defeated by Aurangzeb and Murad during the Battle of Samugarh, 13 km from Agra on May 30, 1658.

Islamic flags containing the calligraphy of the Quran were commonly used by the Mughal Emperor Akbar, it was the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan, who is known to have inlaid the Crescent and Star symbol upon his personal shield, his son Aurangzeb is also known to have used similar shields and flags containing an upward Crescent and Star symbol.

Mirza Muhammad Azam Shah ( a. k. a. Azam Khan ) was Emperor of the Mughal Empire and a son of Emperor Aurangzeb and Dilrus Bano Begum.

In the year 1685 the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb dispatched his son Muhammad Azam Shah with a force of nearly 50, 000 men to capture Bijapur Fort and defeat Sikandar Adil Shah the ruler of Bijapur who refused to be a vassal.

At the end of his life, Shah Jahan was deposed and restrained by his son, Aurangzeb, in the fort.

Inside the Musamman Burj, where Shah Jahan spent the last seven years of his life under house arrest by his son Aurangzeb.

Aziz-ud-Din Beg Mirza ( Alamgir II ) was born on 6 June 1699 at Multan and was the second son of Maaz-ud-Din, son of future Emperor Bahadur Shah I. Alamgir II was seven years old when his great-grandfather Aurangzeb died in the Deccan during a campaign fighting the Marathas.

* 1707: Death of the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb, accession of his son Bahadur Shah.

With this fort, the strategic importance of Dharwad increased and it thus attracted the attention of subsequent conquerors, including Aurangzeb, Shivaji, Aurangzeb's son Mu Azam, Peshwa Balaji Rao, Hyder Ali, Tipu Sultan and finally the British colonizers.

Its Badshahi Mosque of Lahore built by Shah Jahan's son Aurangzeb in 1673 is closely related to the Jama Masjid at Raipur.

Mughal emperor Aurangzeb was informed of the losses on December 19, 1667 and he commissioned Raja Ram Singh of Amber, son of the famous Mirza Raja Jai Singh, to take back Guwahati.

The Afridis are historically known for the strategic location they inhabit, and for belligerence against outside forces ; battling Mughal armies periodically sent by Emperors Akbar, Jahangir and, most bloodily, Aurangzeb.

Among the temples Aurangzeb destroyed were two that are most sacred to Hindus, in Varanasi and Mathura.

Aurangzeb also destroyed what was the most famous temple in Varanasi-the Vishwanath Temple.

Mughal prince Aurangzeb spent most of his time in the Deccan fighting local Hindu and Muslim kingdoms to establish and enforce Mughal Sovereignty.

After the death of the emperor two brothers fought near Agra in the same battle site that Aurangzeb had fought his brother Dara Shikoh.

Dara's brothers ( left to right ) Shah Shuja ( Mughal ) | Shah Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad Baksh in their younger years, ca 1637

Aurangzeb when fighting his brothers for succession, in two battles, the rival to the throne was induced by treacherous advice to dismount and their armies automatically dispersed ; this was because the remuneration of the army was from individual princes.

A painting from circa 1637 shows the brothers ( left to right ) Shuja, Aurangzeb and Murad Baksh in their younger years

With the last of his brothers now dead, Aurangzeb soon became the undisputed emperor of the Mughal Empire.

) ruled in peace until 1657, when a struggle for succession in the Mughal empire began between Aurangzeb and his brothers.

Aurangzeb ( 1658-1707 ) did not actively encourage Mughal paintings, but as this art form had gathered momentum and had a number of patrons, Mughal paintings continued to survive, but the decline had set in.

On the Malabar Coast, Ali Raja Kunhi Amsa II had established a large and well armed fleet consisting of 10 dhows and 30 larger ketches in the Indian Ocean, in his attempts to conquer islands that had withstood the Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb.

To nullify any Rajput-Maratha alliance, as well as the Deccan Sultanates, the Mughal emperor Aurangzeb himself headed south in 1681.

However, Aurangzeb was spiritually trained as a follower of Sufism as well.

The Ansari family of Sehali is said to have professed loyalty to, and supported Aurangzeb Alamgeer during his campaigns in the war of succession as well as during his reign as the Mughal Emperor.

After this Rajput defeat by Mamluke army ( slave warriors ) lead by Ghori and establishment of Delhi Sultanate, The Rajput kings of Mewar assumed the responsibility of defense and so began centuries of Rajput wars with the Muslims, lasting until the Mughal dynasty began to fall apart after the death of Emperor Aurangzeb ( 1707 ).

The Afridis once destroyed two large Mughal army of Emperor Aurangzeb: in 1672 in a surprise attack between Peshawar and Kabul, and in the winter of 1673 in an ambush in the mountain passes.

* Darya Khan Afridi and Aimal Khan Afridi, resistance leaders allied with Khushal Khan Khattak against Mughal Emperor Aurangzeb, defeating the Mughal army around the Khyber Pass in 1672.

During his Aurangzeb regime the Pashtun tribes revolted and Aurangzeb himself led his army to re-establish his authority but after a hard struggle which lasted for two years ( 1673 – 75 ) he was compelled to agree to the terms which left the Pashtuns practically independent.

Aurangzeb ’ s army on the move included camels bearing treasure, one hundred loaded with gold, two hundred with silver ; the emperor ’ s hunting establishment, with hawks and cheetahs ; official records, on eighty camels, thirty elephants and twenty carts, these could never be parted from the emperor ; a hundred camels carried water and kitchen utensils ; fifty milch-cows, a hundred cooks, each a specialist in a dish ; fifty camels and a hundred carts carried the emperor ’ s and his ladies wardrobe ; thirty elephants carried the women ’ s jewellery and presents for successful commanders.

Mahabat Khan, who was initially the commander of the Qutb Shahi army and had switched loyalty to the Mughals, was appointed the governor of Golconda, laying the foundations for the Hyderabad State under the Nizams by Aurangzeb.

The lowest of these is the outermost enclosure into which we enter by the " Fateh Darwaza " ( Victory gate, so called after Aurangzeb ’ s triumphant army marched in through this gate ) studded with giant iron spikes ( to prevent elephants from battering them down ) near the south-eastern corner.