* 1849 – After a month-long siege, Venice, which had declared itself independent as the Republic of San Marco, surrenders to Austria.

* 1849 – Hungary declares itself independent of Austria with Lajos Kossuth as its leader.

Other major wars were fought against Russia in the Crimea, Austria in Italy, and Prussia within France itself.

As Nazi Germany annexed Austria and moved against Czechoslovakia, Italy saw itself becoming a second-rate member of the Axis.

Despite initially holding an ambiguous neutrality, Clement was later forced to name Charles, Archduke of Austria, as King of Spain, since the imperial army had conquered much of northern Italy and was threatening Rome itself ( January 1709 ).

When the Germans asked him to declare himself in favour of their desire for national unity, he replied that he would not as this would weaken the Habsburg state: “ Truly, if it were not that Austria had long existed, it would be necessary, in the interest of Europe, in the interest of humanity itself, to create it .”

The quarrel of Russia and Sweden had been settled by the Peace of Åbo in 1743, and in 1746 Russia had allied itself with Austria.

While Venice would again shortly declare itself a republic, attempting to resist annexation by Austria, it would never revive the dogal style, but used various titles including dictator and collective heads of state, including a triumvirate.

Its armies overran the entire Balkan peninsula and Greece, and reached the borders of Austria, laying siege to Vienna itself twice ( in 1529 and 1683 ).

* in Germany, Austria, and Switzerland-Bad, the first part of the names of most spa towns, a cognate to the English " bath " while " Therme " is used for the spa itself.

The Third Coalition itself came to full fruition as Napoleon's provocative actions in Italy, crowning himself King, and Germany spurred Austria into joining Britain and Russia against France.

Since Austria had not finalized its decision to structure itself as a federation prior to the formal implementation of the definitive Constitution of Austria on 1 October 1920, referring to Seitz as Federal President would have been inaccurate.

When Austria re-established itself as an independent nation on 27 April 1945, the party leaders forming the provisional government decided not to frame a new constitution, reverting instead to that of 1920, as amended in 1929.

In the 17th century, northern parts of the Eyalet of Temeșvar were incorporated into the Habsburg Monarchy of Austria, but Banat itself remained under Ottoman administration.

Following the de-facto annexation of Austria in 1938, Germany informally named itself the Greater German Reich ().

Hanover itself was raised to a kingdom in 1814, but was annexed by Prussia following the Austro-Prussian War of 1866, in which Hanover had sided with Austria.

When his then-party, the Freedom Party of Austria ( FPÖ ), joined the government in 2000, many were expecting a discontinuation of the system in all fields except government itself.

Austria cast itself as a bridge between East and West, and Vienna was the site for some early rounds of the Strategic Arms Limitation Talks between the United States and the Soviet Union.

SJ Austria, the party's youth organisation, is generally perceived of as being more radically left-wing than the SPÖ itself.

The ÖBB are the successor to the Bundesbahn Österreich ( BBÖ, Federal Railway of Austria ) and which itself was the successor of the kkStB ( Imperial Royal Austrian State Railways ).

The Piedmont was at risk of attack by Austrian forces, and the Republic's movement of troops in the area was a threat to Austria ( which was certainly capable of attacking Rome itself ).

The Hanoverian government maintained its own separate diplomatic service, which maintained links to countries such as Austria and Prussia, with whom the United Kingdom itself was technically at war.

The city of Stockerau in Lower Austria has proclaimed itself the " Lenau City ", because Nikolaus Lenau went on extensive walks in the alluvial forests next to Stockerau and the Danube and was inspired to write one of his most famous lyric poems, " Schilflieder ", during this time.

This epithet was given to Apollo in parts of Gaul, Northern Italy and Noricum ( part of modern Austria ).

When Austria became a member of the European Union, the Austrian variety of the German language — limited to 23 agricultural terms — was " protected " in Protocol No 10, regarding the use of specific Austrian terms of the German language in the framework of the European Union, which forms part of the Austrian EU accession treaty.

Austria underwent a political coup that made it part of the Third Reich ; France had been invaded and Italy was a fascist regime.

At the end of the war, a substantial amount of Nazi plunder was found stored in Austria, where Hitler had hoped to retreat as the war drew to a close.

In 1930 the Lauberhorn Rennen ( Lauberhorn Race ), was run for the first time on the Lauberhorn above Wengen ; the equally demanding Hahnenkamm was first run in the same year in Kitzbühl, Austria.

* 1965 – The largest swimming pool in Europe was opened in Fürstenfeld, Austria.

His mother was Sophia, daughter of Casimir IV Jagiellon, Grand Duke of Lithuania and King of Poland, and his wife Elisabeth of Austria.

The wars which attended his accession both in Hungary and in Persia terminated unfavourably for the empire, and its prestige received its first check in the Treaty of Zsitvatorok, signed in 1606, whereby the annual tribute paid by Austria was abolished.

His mother, Maria Christina of Austria, was appointed regent during his minority.

The Dowager Queen Constance was anxious for her son's life and she escaped with King Ladislaus to the court of Leopold VI, Duke of Austria.

Later however the Government turned around and gave 50 % of the order to Philips and their P2000 homecomputer even though the P2000 did not meet all the technical demands, was made in Austria and did not have network hard nor software.

As the political situation threatened and eventually overwhelmed Austria, which was repeatedly crushed by French political forces, Salieri's first and most important biographer Mosel described the emotional effect that this political, social, and cultural upheaval had on the composer.

Fricktal, ceded in 1802 by Austria via Napoleonic France to the Helvetic Republic, was briefly a separate Swiss canton under a Statthalter (' Lieutenant '), but on 9 March 1803 was incorporated in the canton of Aargau.

War was once more declared against Russia in 1787 and in the following year the Russians were joined by Austria.

Archduke Charles of Austria, Duke of Teschen (, also known as Karl von Österreich-Teschen ) ( Full name: Karl Ludwig Johann Josef Lorenz of Austria ) ( 5 September 1771 – 30 April 1847 ) was an Austrian field-marshal, the third son of emperor Leopold II and his wife Infanta Maria Luisa of Spain.

In a generous act by his father, he was adopted and raised in Vienna by his childless aunt Archduchess Marie Christine of Austria and her husband Albert of Saxe-Teschen.

In the short and disastrous war of 1805 Archduke Charles commanded what was intended to be the main army in Italy, but events made Germany the decisive theatre of operations ; Austria sustained defeat on the Danube, and the archduke was defeated by Massena in the Battle of Caldiero.

When Austria joined the ranks of the allies during the War of the Sixth Coalition, Charles was not given a command and the post of commander-in-chief of the allied Grand Army of Bohemia went to the Prince of Schwarzenberg.

He was the 831st Knight of the Order of the Golden Fleece in Austria.

The setting for the film was moved from Sweden to Austria.

Albert Frederick was married in 1573 to Marie Eleonore of Cleves, a daughter of Wilhelm, Duke of Jülich-Cleves-Berg and Archduchess Maria of Austria ( 1531 – 1581 ).