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BACs have been used to some degree of success with mice when studying neurological diseases such as Alzheimer's disease or as in the case of aneuploidy associated with Down syndrome.
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BACs and have
; A selectable marker: for antibiotic resistance ; some BACs also have lacZ at the cloning site for blue / white selection.
BACs have been useful in this field as complex genes may have several regulatory sequences upstream of the encoding sequence, including various promoter sequences that will govern a gene's expression level.
The genomes of several large DNA viruses and RNA viruses have been cloned as BACs.
Yeast expression vectors, such as YACs, YIps ( yeast integrating plasmids ), and YEps ( yeast episomal plasmids ), have an advantage over bacterial artificial chromosomes ( BACs ) in that they can be used to express eukaryotic proteins that require posttranslational modification.
BACs and been
Once a tiling path has been selected, its component BACs are sheared into smaller fragments and sequenced.
BACs and used
BACs are often used to sequence the genome of organisms in genome projects, for example the Human Genome Project.
BACs can also be utilised to detect genes or large sequences of interest and then used to map them onto the human chromosome using BAC arrays.
BACs and with
One study conducted at the Tijuana / San Diego border found that by asking groups intent on drinking to identify the designated driver prior to entering the bar district, the driver later returned with substantially lower BACs compared with the control groups.
BACs and mice
BACs are now being utilized to a greater extent in modelling genetic diseases, often alongside transgenic mice.
BACs and such
The infectious property of these BACs has made the study of many viruses such as the herpesviruses, poxviruses and coronaviruses more accessible.
BACs and .
The public-sector effort has generated Sanger reads of BACs, fosmids, and plasmids, as well as 454 reads.
A short piece of the organism's DNA is amplified as an insert in BACs, and then sequenced.
BACs are preferred for these kind of genetic studies because they accommodate much larger sequences without the risk of rearrangement, and are therefore more stable than other types of cloning vectors.
First, DNA is sheared into larger ( 50 – 200kb ) pieces, which are cloned into BACs or PACs to form a BAC library.
Since these clones should cover the entire genome / chromosome, it is theoretically possible to assemble a contig of BACs that covers the entire chromosome.
One common strategy is to use sequence-tagged site ( STS ) content mapping to detect unique DNA sites in common between BACs.
However, YACs are significantly less stable than BACs, producing " chimeric effects ": artifacts where the sequence of the cloned DNA actually corresponds not to a single genomic region but to multiple regions.
Recovery of DNA sequences longer than a few thousand base pairs from environmental samples was very difficult until recent advances in molecular biological techniques allowed the construction of libraries in bacterial artificial chromosomes ( BACs ), which provided better vectors for molecular cloning.
Students in Blocks 4 and 5 ( Years 10 and 11 ) combine five or seven GCSEs-English Language, Mathematics and a Modern Language GCSE, as well as IGCSE Double Award Science, are compulsory for all students in these years-with two or three BACs.
Ten BACs are offered: Ancient Civilsations, Geography, PRE ( Philosophy, Religion and Ethics ), English Literature, Art, Design, Dance, Classical Music, Theatre Arts and Outdoor Work.
have and been
If he had married her, he'd have been asking for trouble.
`` We've been looking for work, but all the ranchers have turned us down ''.
She seemed to have come such a long distance -- too far for her destination which had wilfully been swallowed up in the greedy gloom of the trees.
A detailed scouring of the entire area revealed nothing beyond a ledge of rocks that might have been the rifleman's hiding place.
Yet had he not visited the girl at Saw Buck he would never have been involved in this latest tangle.
At once my ears were drowned by a flow of what I took to be Spanish, but -- the driver's white teeth flashing at me, the road wildly veering beyond his glistening hair, beyond his gesticulating bottle -- it could have been the purest Oxford English I was half hearing ; ;
Their product had been endorsed by Good Housekeeping, the A.M.A., and the Veterinary Journal, among other repositories of higher wisdom, and before much longer if you didn't have a cake of their soap in the john, even your best friends would think you didn't bathe.
`` The commercials have just been for money, there hasn't been any real incentive for me to do them, but in Underwater Western Eye I'd have a chance to act.
If it were not for an old professor who made me read the classics I would have been stymied on what to do, and now I understand why they are classics ; ;
They were married over the week-end, though he was easily sixty and she could not have been even thirty.
( Would she have been able to had she known that the blanket belonged to a young ballet dancer Nicolas had found his first night in one of Walter's marked bars??
It had been a mistake, but anything would have been a mistake, as it turned out.
`` They wouldn't have sold me in the first place if there'd been food enough to go around ''.
The body may have been two or three weeks' dead.
She might have been someone he had once loved.
Benson said, and Ramey wondered how close their thoughts might have been.
And he would have enjoyed it just as much if he had been a Nazi.
The deeds of countless western bandits and outlaws have been glorified almost to the point of hero-worship, but because Billy Tilghman remained strictly on the side of the law throughout his action-packed career, his achievements and the appalling risks he took while taming the West have remained almost unsung.
Something was beginning to stir and come alive in her, too ( it may have been there for a good while, since she was twenty now ; ;
Had Dandy been older or wiser, instinct might have warned him that he would be well advised to flee from the Lalauries' tender care if he valued his life.
have and used
Alexander the Great, who used runners as message carriers, did not have to worry about having every officer in his command hear what he said and having hundreds of them comment at once.
This text from Dr. Huxley is sometimes used by enthusiasts to indicate that they have the permission of the scientists to press the case for a wonderful unfoldment of psychic powers in human beings.
The men who speculate on these institutions have, for the most part, come to at least one common conclusion: that many of the great enterprises and associations around which our democracy is formed are in themselves autocratic in nature, and possessed of power which can be used to frustrate the citizen who is trying to assert his individuality in the modern world ''.
She used to tell me, `` When I stand there and look at the flag blowing this way and that way, I have the wonderful, safe feeling that Americans are protected no matter which way the wind blows ''.
Very angry at Woodruff, the governor used his personal influence to have the printing contract withdrawn from The Gazette and awarded to the lowest bidder, which, by a strange coincidence, happened to be Pike's Advocate.
The narrator feels himself catching a glimpse of pre-history, learning of man's `` age-old familiarity with misfortune '', as well as his `` equally age-old ingenuity, his secret faith in endurance, however crammed with catastrophes, the same faith perhaps as the cave-men used to have in the face of famine ''.
Too often in the past Russian tactics have been used to justify like tactics on our part.
I'm used to all three, but I think the French have the healthiest attitude ''.
`` We were on our vacation in Canada '', Howard explained, in a muffled voice that must have been used to booming, `` and the news didn't catch up with us till we were nearly home.
The same is true if you have itemized your deductions and later decide you should have used the Standard Deduction or Tax Table.
ICBMs have given us a capability which could be used in two different ways.
This method of computing compression ratio cannot be used accurately for engines that have pistons with either domed or irregularly shaped heads.
Don't forget -- when you take to the hills or the beach -- that your cooler, which you might have used for wine- or beer-cooling on your terrace or back yard, is indispensable for carrying liquid refreshments.
I have used a variety of heavy-weight hand-made papers, but prefer an English make, rough surface, in 400-pound weight.
We have noted how some electronic techniques, developed for the defense effort, have evenutally been used in commerce and industry.
Based on this phenomenon, a number of investigators have used this method to `` look through '' human organs.
As everybody is curious to see the battery of glass tubes I have invented, I have had quite a small one made here of four glass tubes ( in Copenhagen I used 30 ) and intend to carry it with me ''.
Where Americans used to think of a single vacation each summer, they now think about how many vacations they can have.
Not all the observers have used the same procedures or made the same assumptions about the lunar brightness distribution when reducing the data, and this, together with differences in the methods of calibrating the antennae and receivers, must account for much of the disagreement in the measured radio brightness temperatures.
Forty other figures similar to 5 and 6 and the original data used in the construction of all figures and tables in this monograph have been included in the Appendix.
While we had expected that compulsive children in the unstructured school setting would have difficulty when compared to those in the structured, we were surprised to find that the achievement of the high compulsives within the schools where the whole-word method is used in beginning reading compares favorably with that of the low compulsives.
Let us now put some flesh on the theoretical bones we have assembled by giving illustrations of roleplaying used for evaluation and analysis.
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