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BLEU ( renamed the Operational Systems Division of RAE in 1974 ) continued to play a leading role in the development of aircraft guidance systems, using a variety of aircraft including DH Comet, BAC 1-11, HS 748 ( to replace the Varsities, which had been the main " work horses " for BLEU experiments for more than a decade ) and VC-10 until the closure of RAE Bedford in 1994.
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BLEU and RAE
The first such landing in a BEA Trident was achieved at RAE Bedford ( by then home of BLEU ) in March 1964.
The Blind Landing Experimental Unit ( BLEU ) of the Royal Aircraft Establishment ( RAE ) was formed at RAF Woodbridge and RAF Martlesham Heath during 1945 and 1946.
Early in 1957 BLEU moved from Martlesham Heath to a newly equipped airfield at Thurleigh, the base for RAE Bedford.
In 1961, to gain experience with " the BLEU automatic landing system " the FAA sent a Douglas DC-7 to RAE Bedford for the system to be installed and tested.
BLEU and development
That led to the development at BLEU of an improved FM radio altimeter for height guidance, capable of resolving height differences to 2 feet at low altitude, and a magnetic leader cable system for azimuth guidance.
Automatic approaches and automatic landings were recorded by WE189 but the development was interrupted in April 1956 when the facilities at Woodbridge, which had the only suitable leader cable installation, ceased to be available to BLEU.
The following notes are from the logbook of the BLEU technologist carrying out the development: 10 March 1958 ( the 38th flight of that programme ): " Very little drift, about 0. 3g-heights 150-55-15-0 ".
BLEU and aircraft
In his 1959 paper John Charnley, then Superintendent of the UK Royal Aircraft Establishment's Blind Landing Experimental Unit ( BLEU ), concluded a discussion of statistical results by saying that " It is fair to claim, therefore, that not only will the automatic system land the aircraft when the weather prevents the human pilot, it also performs the operation much more precisely ".
Autoland was first developed in BLEU and RAF aircraft, and later for BEA's Trident fleet, which entered service in the early 1960s.
Before the formation of BLEU, an automatic landing was made at the Telecommunications Flying Unit ( TFU ) of the TRE at RAF Defford in a Boeing 247D aircraft, DZ203, early in 1945, using the American SCS 51 radio guidance system.
Over the next 20 years, BLEU in conjunction with UK industry and the UK airworthiness authority, was responsible for almost all of the pioneering work needed to convert the concept of those experimental demonstrations into safe, accurate blind landings by large transport aircraft.
By October 1958, BLEU had completed over 2, 000 fully automatic landings, mainly in the Canberra and Varsity aircraft.
BLEU and guidance
In collaboration with Smiths Industries Ltd., BLEU also developed coupling units to derive the commands to the autopilot from the guidance signals, and auto-throttle.
Some improvement resulted from a narrow beam localizer aerial system developed by BLEU during the early 1950s and by 1958 automatic landings had been made using only ILS localiser for azimuth guidance.
BLEU and systems
Note that ROUGE is similar to the BLEU measure for machine translation, but BLEU is precision-based, because translation systems favor accuracy.
BLEU and using
* Metrics: compare generated texts to texts written by people from the same input data, using an automatic metric such as BLEU.
BLEU and including
The UK government's aviation research facilities including the Blind Landing Experimental Unit ( BLEU ) set up during 1945 / 46 at RAF Martlesham Heath and RAF Woodbridge to research all the relevant factors.
BLEU and work
The pioneering work by BLEU is described below.
BLEU and for
Research during the first few years at BLEU led to the conclusion that a promising approach to blind landing would be a fully automatic system, and to the definition of the requirements for such a system, later designated Autoland.
During the late 1950s and early 1960s increased cooperation between BLEU, the UK Civil Aviation Authority ( CAA ) and companies in the aviation industry with BEA and BOAC led to the definition of safety requirements in terms of a specification for maximum tolerable failure rates.
The introduction of Autoland for Category 3 operation in BEA ’ s Trident fleet required a huge effort by BEA, Hawker Siddeley Aviation, Smiths Industries and BLEU.
A triplex system was also developed by Smiths and BLEU for the RAF ’ s Belfast freighter.
BLEU and .
In efforts foreshadowing European integration, Luxembourg and Belgium in 1921 formed the Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union ( BLEU ) to create an inter-exchangeable currency and a common customs regime.
Image: Glandbleu01. jpg | Suwon Bluewings supporters ' GRAND BLEU '
The Belgium-Luxembourg Economic Union ( BLEU ) can be seen as a forerunner of the Benelux.
BLEU was created by the treaty signed on 25 July 1921.
Beginning in 2005 Unit 2 was loaded with BLEU ( Blended Low Enriched Uranium ) recovered by the DOE from weapons programs.
Some pornography is made by lesbians, such as the defunct lesbian erotic magazine On Our Backs, videos by Fatale Media, SIR Video, Pink and White Productions, and BLEU Productions, and web sites such as the CyberDyke Network.
Lt. Les Coe, and the BLEU scientist in charge of the project, Mr. Joe Birkle, were killed.
renamed and Operational
From the early 1970s to 2003 McAlpine Helicopters Limited and Operational Support Services Limited ( later renamed McAlpine Aviation Services Limited ) operated from two purpose-built helicopter hangars in Swallowfield Way industrial estate, as the company operated on land already owned by the Sir Robert McAlpine.
The Operational Management Committee was renamed the Inter-Republican Economic Committee, and was later replaced by the Interstate Economic Committee ( IEC ), the IEC was also officially known as the Economic Community.
May 1973 saw the arrival of the Jaguar Conversion Team ( renamed 226 Operational Conversion Unit on 1 October 1974 ) and in August 1973, 8 Squadron Avro Shackleton transferred to Lossiemouth from nearby Kinloss.
In 1992, No. 242 Operational Conversion Unit was renamed No. 57 ( Reserve ) Squadron, and moved from the old airmen's hutted accommodation into a new building.
In 1994, the OMSDON was renamed Independent Division of Operational Purpose or ODON.
In 2006, this facility was renamed Navy Operational Support Center Tampa, concurrent with the shift in name of the Naval Reserve to the Navy Reserve and its greater integration into the Fleet and shore establishment of the Regular Navy.
These were later renamed as Operational Training Units ( OTUs ) and in practice were larger than operational squadrons.
# Operational Group " Bielsko " ( Grupa Operacyjna Bielsko ) under gen. Mieczysław Boruta-Spiechowicz ( on September 3 renamed to Operational Group " Boruta ") ( Grupa Operacyjna Boruta )
# Operational Group " Koło " ( Grupa Operacyjna Koło ) under gen. Edmund Knoll-Kownacki ( on September 6 renamed to Operational Group " Knoll-Kownacki ") ( Grupa Operacyjna Knoll-Kownacki )
# Operational Group " Piotrków " ( Grupa Operacyjna Piotrków ) under gen. Wiktor Thommée ( on September 6 renamed to Operational Group " Thommée ") ( Grupa Operacyjna Thommée )
# Operational Group " Śląsk " ( Samodzielna Grupa Operacyjna Śląsk ) under gen. Jan Jagmin-Sadowski ( on September 3 renamed to Operational Group " Jagmin " ( Grupa Operacyjna Jagmin ))
# Eastern Operational Group ( Wschodnia Grupa Operacyjna ) under gen. Mikołaj Bołtuć ( on September 9 renamed to Operational Group " Bołtuć ") ( Grupa Operacyjna Bołtuć )
In late 1955, No. 228 Operational Conversion Unit, temporarily renamed No. 238 OCU, was detached to North Luffenham from RAF Leeming which was having its runways extended to 7000ft to accommodate Gloster Javelins.
10OG took over the mobile role originally undertaken by No. 9 Operational Group, which by 1944 had itself evolved into a static garrison force in New Guinea and been renamed Northern Command to reflect its new purpose.
In August 1944, Cobby became AOC of No. 10 Operational Group ( No. 10 OG ), soon to be renamed the Australian First Tactical Air Force ( 1st TAF ).
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