During the regime of Saddam Hussein, the leader of the Ba ' ath Party had strong relations with Bachir, and Amine Gemayel ; relations grew even stronger when Iraqi officials verbally lashed out against Israel's actions in the 2006 War.

Bowles ' continued association with the Master Musicians of Jajouka and their hereditary leader Bachir Attar is described in Paul Bowles ' book, a diary entitled Days: A Tangier Journal.

Bachir was thought to have been radical in his approach, and hinted at possible peace agreements with Israel while trying to expel all Palestinian refugees from Lebanon.

In Israel, they are called " Ma ' ar " ( first responders ), " Ma ' ar Bachir " ( Certified first responder over 18, with some additional training ), " Chovesh " ( EMT-B ) and " Chovesh Bachir " ( EMT-I ).

She credits assassinated Lebanese president-elect and Phalangist militia leader Bachir Gemayel with coining the term.

The Frangiehs, who were close to Syria, were critical of Phalangist Kataeb Regulatory Forces ' militia leader Bachir Gemayel's growing alliance with Israel.

The strength of his alliance with Suleiman Frangieh was severely tested in that year, when Moawad voted to support Bachir Gemayel, Frangieh's rival, for the presidency.

Karami was reconciled to his old enemy, Suleiman Frangieh, in the late 1970s, after Frangieh had fallen out with the Phalangist militia leader, Bachir Gemayel.

The first recordings by the Master Musicians of Jajouka who were led by Bachir Attar's father, Hadj Abdessalem Attar, included recordings with Brian Jones ( Brian Jones Presents the Pipes of Pan at Jajouka, 1971 AFM / 1995 Point Music ), Joel Rubiner ( The Master Musicians of Jajouka, Adelphi ), and Ornette Coleman ( Dancing in Your Head ).

The younger generation of our legendary group recorded under the names " Master Musicians of Jajouka " and " Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar " with The Rolling Stones ( Steel Wheels, 1989 ), Bill Laswell ( Apocalypse Across the Sky, Axiom Records, 1992 ), Tchad Blake ( Jajouka Between the Mountains, WOMAD / Real World Records, 1996 ), Talvin Singh ( The Master Musicians of Jajouka Featuring Bachir Attar, Point Music, 2000 ), Lee Ranaldo ( Crossing Border Fest, The Hague, 2003 ), Bernardo Bertolucci ( The Sheltering Sky film soundtrack ), Nicolas Roeg ( Bad Timing film soundtrack ), and others.

Bachir Attar has recorded with artists such as Elliott Sharp, Maceo Parker, Ginger Baker and Deborah Harry.

The Master Musicians of Jajouka and Bachir have also toured with the artists Ornette Coleman, Steve Lacy and Critters Buggin.

Although the " Master Musicians of Jajouka " name has also been used on film soundtrack appearances and compilations as recently as 2004, beginning with Apocalypse Across the Sky, the Bachir Attar-led generation of the group used the alternate recording name " Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar " on that album and on two additional ones: Jajouka Between the Mountains and Master Musicians of Jajouka featuring Bachir Attar.

* The Rolling Stones in Morocco, a segment of the BBC television film with Mick Jagger and Bachir Attar in Jajouka and Tangier, The Master Musicians of Jajouka.

* Interview with Bachir Attar Walrus, Toronto, 10 July 2008

Bachir Gemayel with his father Pierre Gemayel and William Hawi's family at the Kataeb anniversary event in 1977

Sarkis was to be succeeded by Bachir Gemayel, who was elected President on 21 August 1982 with seventy-seven votes.

In 1982, Bachir met with Hani Al-Hassan ( representative of the PLO ) and told him that Israel will enter and wipe them out.

After the death of Hadj Abdesalam Attar his son Bachir Attar continued his father's group's music with The Master Musicians of Jajouka led by Bachir Attar.

The term was coined in 1982 by the Lebanese President and Maronite militia leader Bachir Gemayel, in reference to perceived attempts by the country's Muslim leadership to subordinate the large Lebanese Christian minority.

The Israeli plan was to drive the PLO away from the Israeli border and help Bachir Gemayel's Phalangist militia take control of south Lebanon.

In July 1980, following months of intra-Christian clashes between the Tigers, the militia of Dany, and the Phalangists, who by now were under the complete leadership of Bachir Gemayel, the Phalangists launched an operation in an attempt to stop the clashes within the Christian areas, and to unite all the Christian militias under Gemayel's command.

In modern Lebanon, four presidents of the Republic are descendants from these traditional families: Sheikh Habib Pacha Es-Saad ( was also a prime minister during the French Mandate ), Sheikh Bechara El Khoury, Sheikh Bachir Gemayel and Sheikh Amine Gemayel.

He is remembered as the founder of the Kataeb Party ( also known as the Phalangist Party ), as a parliamentary powerbroker, and as the father of Bachir Gemayel and Amine Gemayel, both of whom were elected to the Presidency of the Republic in his lifetime.

The massacre is in retaliation for the assassination of pro-Israel president-elect, Bachir Gemayel, as well as several Palestinian massacres against Lebanese Christians.

By expelling the Palestine Liberation Organization ( PLO ), the removal of Syrian influence over Lebanon, and the installment of a pro-Israeli Christian government led by Bachir Gemayel, Israel hoped to sign a treaty which Menachem Begin promised would give Israel " forty years of peace.

This unbearable situation was remedied by the Kataeb Regulatory Forces ( most notably the BG Squad that was led by Bachir ) and their allied Christian militias as they besieged the Palestinian camps embedded in Christian East Beirut one at a time and brought them down.

Samy Gemayel ( Amine's second son ) who had formed his own political ideas and identity at the time ( much closer in principle and in manner to those of his uncle Bachir ) was a very strong opposer of Pakradouni and his Syrian ties and thus was not a fan of this reconciliation.

The Master Musicians of Jajouka who are led by Bachir Attar performed in Lisbon, Portugal, in January 2007, and the group performed at the 16th annual Meltdown festival curated by Ornette Coleman at London's Southbank Centre in June 2009, alongside such talents as Yoko Ono and Patti Smith.

His father Amine Bachir Gemayel, known as Abou Ali, and his uncle were forced to flee to Egypt after being sentenced to death in 1914 for opposing Ottoman rule, returning to Lebanon only at the end of World War I.

* Souleymane Bachir Diagne ( Philosophy ), professor at Columbia University.

* September 14 – Lebanese President-elect Bachir Gemayel is assassinated in Beirut.

However, following the assassination of Bachir Gemayel, Israel's position in Beirut became untenable and the signing of a peace treaty became increasingly unlikely.

In 1982, president-elect Bachir Gemayel, son of Pierre Gemayel and leader of the Lebanese resistance, was assassinated when an explosion rocked the Party ’ s headquarters in the Achrafieh area of Beirut.

# In 1982 the leader of the Lebanese Resistance and president-elect Bachir Gemayel was assassinated when an explosion rocked the Kataeb headquarters in the Achrafieh area of Beirut.

Large numbers of Christian Forces militiamen were stationed there, led by Bachir Gemayel, and as such formed part of Christian East Beirut.

The FBI blames the SSNP for the assassination, in in 1982, of Bachir Gemayel, Lebanon's newly elected president supported by the Israelis besieging Beirut.

Bachir led his troops in the infamous “ Hundred Days War ” in Lebanon in 1978, in which the Lebanese Forces successfully resisted the Syrian shelling and attacking of Eastern Beirut for about three months before an Arab-brokered agreement forced the Syrians to end the siege.

Painting by Bachir Yellès.

Other new artistic currents including the one of M ' hamed Issiakhem, Mohammed Khadda and Bachir Yelles, appeared on the scene of Algerian painting, abandoning figurative classical painting to find new pictorial ways, in order to adapt Algerian paintings to the new realities of the country through its struggle and its aspirations.

* 1982 – Bachir Gemayel is elected Lebanese President amidst the raging civil war.

In 1788 Bashir Shihab II ( sometimes spelled Bachir in French sources ) would rise to become the Emir.

Bachir Gemayel was succeeded as president by his older brother Amine Gemayel, who served from 1982 to 1988.

* 1982 – President-elect of Lebanon, Bachir Gemayel, is assassinated.

The primary components of the Christian front were the Maronite Phalangists loyal to Bachir Gemayel and the Tigers Militia — which was led by Dany Chamoun, a son of former President Camille Chamoun.

* September 23 – Amin Gemayel, brother of Bachir, is elected president of Lebanon.

After a series of albums, Cliff took a break and traveled to Africa, and subsequently converted to Islam, and took the new name: El Hadj Naïm Bachir.

In September 1982, Bachir Gemayel was elected President of Lebanon by the National Assembly.

These victories enabled Samy Gemayel, Nadim Gemayel ( son of slain President Bachir Gemayel ), Elie Marouni, Fady el-Haber and Samer Saade to join Parliament.

Gemayel was elected to the presidency by the National Assembly on 21 September 1982, in place of his brother Bachir Gemayel who had been elected the previous month but had been assassinated before taking office.

He has two sisters and a brother, late Bachir Gemayel.

The widow of former President-elect Bachir Gemayel ( 1947 – 1982 ), who was assassinated days before he was due to take office in 1982, she helped to found the Bachir Gemayel Foundation, to keep his legacy alive.