A version known as Baltic porter is brewed in Finland, Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania, Czech Republic, Poland, Russia, Ukraine, Denmark and Sweden.

In Germany, Baltic porter was brewed from the mid-19th century to German reunification.

There are a number of variations including Baltic porter, dry stout and imperial stout.

The brewery supplies the locals with typical Danish pilsner beer, but has recently risen to some national and international renown for beers like Porse Guld ( spiced with bog myrtle ) and Limfjords-Porter, a Baltic porter.

Pliny is presenting an archaic view, as in his time amber was a precious stone brought from the Baltic at great expense, but the Germans, he says, use it for firewood, according to Pytheas.

He was a key figure in the Danish policies of territorial expansion in the Baltic Sea, Europeanization in close relationship with the Holy See, and reform in the relation between the Church and the public.

It was Absalon's intention to clear the Baltic Sea of the Wendish pirates who inhabited its southern littoral zone which was later called Pomerania.

His policy of expansion was to give Denmark the dominion of the Baltic for three generations.

An important raw material, amber was transported from the North Sea and Baltic Sea coasts overland by way of the Vistula and Dnieper rivers to Italy, Greece, the Black Sea, and Egypt thousands of years ago, and long after.

The Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun had Baltic amber among his burial goods, and amber was sent from the North Sea to the temple of Apollo at Delphi as an offering.

Saint Adalbert, Czech: ;, ( c. 956 – April 23, 997 ), Czech Roman Catholic saint, a Bishop of Prague and a missionary, was martyred in his efforts to convert the Baltic Prussians.

Their reasons for this exclusion was their consideration of the south shore of the Baltic to be terra incognita, " unknown land.

During the 1917 Russian Revolution, Nimzowitsch was in the Baltic war zone.

While Tacitus called it Mare Suebicum after the Germanic people of the Suebi, the first to name it also as the Baltic Sea ( Mare Balticum ) was eleventh century German chronicler Adam of Bremen.

In the Middle Ages the sea was known by variety of names, the name Baltic Sea started to dominate only after 16th century.

The ice then extended from the north down to the northern tip of Gotland, with small ice free areas on its either side, and the east coast of the Baltic Sea was covered by an ice sheet ca.

Although the various Baltic tribes were mentioned by ancient historians as early as 98 B. C., the first attestation of a Baltic language was in about 1350, with the creation of the Elbing Prussian Vocabulary, a German to Prussian translation dictionary.

The Balts or Baltic peoples are an Indo-European ethnic-linguistic group who speak the Baltic languages, a branch of the Indo-European language family, which was originally spoken by tribes living in area east of Jutland peninsula in the west and Moscow, Oka and Volga rivers basins in the east.

Adam of Bremen was the first writer to use the term Baltic in its modern sense to mean the sea of that name.

For all practical purposes that was the Baltic language until 1919.

Established in the middle of the 8th century and thus being one of the earliest urban settlements in Scandinavia, Birka was the Baltic link in the river and portage route through Ladoga ( Aldeigja ) and Novgorod ( Holmsgard ) to the Byzantine Empire and the Abbasid Califate.

The Baltic island of Gotland was also in a better strategic position for Russian-Byzantine trade, and was gaining eminence as a mercantile stronghold.

:" Adalvard the Elder ( Adalwardus senior ) was to superintend both lands of the Geats ( uterque praefectus est Gothiae ), Adalvard the Younger Sigtuna ( Sictunam ) and Uppsala ( Ubsalam ), Simeon ( Symon ) the Sami people ( Scritefingos ), John ( Iohannes ) the islands of the Baltic Sea.

It was constructed in 1639 to provide water power for mills. In Russia, the Volga-Baltic Waterway, a nationwide canal system connecting the Baltic and Caspian seas via the Neva and Volga rivers, was opened in 1718.

It has also been introduced to lakes in Morocco and is even found in brackish water of the Baltic Sea.

The measures were introduced by the then Police Commissioner, Owen Kelly, following an IRA bombing campaign in the City in the early 1990s including attacks such as the 1992 Baltic Exchange and 1993 Bishopsgate bombings.

Historical German and Germanic-sounding placenames were also retained ( or introduced ) for many Baltic cities, such as Reval ( Tallinn ), Kauen ( Kaunas ), and Dünaburg ( Daugavpils ), among many others.

The brand was introduced to commemorate the construction of the White Sea – Baltic Canal ( abbr.

It has been introduced ( via ballast water ) to Japanese and European waters, and has been observed in the Baltic Sea, North Sea, Mediterranean Sea and Black Sea.

Taube belongs to an untitled branch of the Baltic German noble Taube family, introduced at the Swedish House of Nobility in 1668 as noble family No. 734.

* Ernst von Bergmann ( 1836-1907 ), Baltic German surgeon who introduced principles of aseptic surgery

Despite the policy of Russification which was introduced there, Latvian nationalist sentiments were more directed towards the Baltic-German landowners, who had formed the governing elite in the Baltic territories since the conquest of the Latvian tribes by predominantly German military orders in the 13th century Livonian Order.

Galleys of the Mediterranean type were first introduced in the Baltic Sea around the mid-16th century as competition between the Scandinavian states of Denmark and Sweden intensified.

While galleys had been introduced to the Baltic in the 16th century, details of their design is not well known.

Most of the conflict took place on the Crimean Peninsula, with additional actions occurring in western Turkey, and the Baltic Sea region and is sometimes considered to be the first " modern " conflict and " introduced technical changes which affected the future course of warfare.

Extracting Baltic amber from Holocene deposits, Gdansk, Poland

Baltic amber yields on dry distillation succinic acid, the proportion varying from about 3 % to 8 %, and being greatest in the pale opaque or bony varieties.

Dominican amber differentiates itself from Baltic amber by being mostly transparent and often containing a higher number of fossil inclusions.

Heinrich Göppert named the common amber-yielding pine of the Baltic forests Pinites succiniter, but as the wood does not seem to differ from that of the existing genus it has been also called Pinus succinifera.

* 1989 – Singing Revolution: two million people from Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania stand on the Vilnius-Tallinn road, holding hands ( Baltic Way ).

Around 890, Wulfstan of Hedeby undertook a journey from Hedeby on Jutland along the Baltic Sea to the Prussian trading town of Truso.

As one of the waterways and ancient highways, for centuries the road led from Europe to Asia and back, and from northern Africa to the Baltic Sea.

In Roman times, a main route ran south from the Baltic coast in through the land of the Boii ( modern Czech Republic and Slovakia ) to the head of the Adriatic Sea ( modern Gulf of Venice ).

The shortest ( and possibly oldest ) road avoids alpine areas and led from the Baltic coastline ( nowadays Estonia ), passed the Moravian Gate, followed the river Morava, crossed the Danube near Carnuntum in the Noricum Province, headed southwest past Poetovio, Celeia, Emona, Nauportus, and reached Aquileia at the Adriatic coast.

The Porvoo Common Statement ( 1996 ), agreed to by the Anglican churches of the British Isles and most of the Lutheran churches of Scandinavia and the Baltic, also stated that " the continuity signified in the consecration of a bishop to episcopal ministry cannot be divorced from the continuity of life and witness of the diocese to which he is called.

The Baltic Sea is a brackish mediterranean sea located in Northern Europe, from 53 ° N to 66 ° N latitude and from 20 ° E to 26 ° E longitude.

On this basis, a related hypothesis holds that the name originated from this Indo-European root via a Baltic language such as Lithuanian.

Usage of Baltic and similar terms to denote the region east from the sea started only in 19th century.

In the recent years prior to 2011, Bothnian Bay and the Bothnian Sea were frozen with solid ice near the Baltic coast and dense floating ice far from it.

The Baltic Sea's salinity is much lower than that of ocean water ( which averages 35 ‰), as a result of abundant freshwater runoff from the surrounding land, combined with the shallowness of the sea itself ; indeed, runoff contributes roughly one-fortieth its total volume per year, as the volume of the basin is about 21, 000 km³ and yearly runoff is about 500 km³.

The flow of fresh water into the sea from approximately two-hundred rivers and the introduction of salt from the South builds up a gradient of salinity in the Baltic Sea.

), which shows association with " day ", possibly with Day personified as a deity which, Grimm points out, would agree with the meaning " shining one, white one, a god " derived from the meaning of Baltic baltas, further adducing Slavic Belobog and German Berhta.

One reason for the late attestation is that the Baltic peoples resisted Christianization longer than any other Europeans, which delayed the introduction of writing and isolated their languages from outside influence.