University Museums shares the James R. and Barbara R. Palmer Small Objects Classroom in Morrill Hall.

* 1709 – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England ( b. 1640 )

* Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland ( 1640 – 1709 ): first official mistress at the court of King Charles II of England

* October 9 – Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, English mistress of Charles II of England ( b. 1640 )

By Barbara née Villiers ( 1641 – 1709 ), wife of Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine ; created Duchess of Cleveland in her own right

Churchill, who had previously been a lover of Charles II ’ s mistress, Barbara Palmer, Duchess of Cleveland, had little to offer financially, as his estates were deeply in debt.

Gaye began composing around this time, co-writing the song, " Barbara ", with Palmer.

There have been twelve more presidents in its history: Alice Elvira Freeman Palmer, Helen Almira Shafer, Julia Josephine Thomas Irvine, Caroline Hazard, Ellen Fitz Pendleton, Mildred H. McAfee ( later Mildred McAfee Horton ), Margaret Clapp, Ruth M. Adams, Barbara Wayne Newell, Nannerl Overholser Keohane ( later the president of Duke University from 1993 – 2004 ), Diana Chapman Walsh and H. Kim Bottomly.

Her husband kept many mistresses, most notably Barbara Palmer, who was appointed as her Lady of the bedchamber.

On the first presentation to Charles ' official mistress, Barbara Palmer, she fainted away when Charles insisted on making her Catherine's lady of the bedchamber.

Through her father she descends from Charles II of England through his illegitimate child Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton by Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland.

Current members of the Advisory Board are listed as: Jacques Barzun, Ph. D., Edward A. Capano, Denton Cooley, M. D., Midge Decter, Jorge Delgado, Dinesh Desai, Mrs. Richard DeVos, George Gilder, Nathan Glazer, Ph. D., Charles Gogolak, Lee Majors, Laura McKenzie, Harvey Meyerhoff, Barbara Mujica, Ph. D., Alex Olmedo, Arnold Palmer, Margie Petersen, Norman Podhoretz, Donald M. Ross, Randolph Rowland, James Schlesinger, Arnold Schwarzenegger, Norman D. Shumway, Rodney Smith, Alex Trebek, George W. Wilson, and Roger Wildermuth.

Lord Southampton was also the great-great-grandson ( through an illegitimate line ) of King Charles II by his mistress Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland.

* Barbara Palmer ( 1980 – 1992 )

Barbara became King Charles ' mistress in 1660, while still married to Palmer, and whilst Charles was still in exile at The Hague.

Anne Lennard, Countess of Sussex ( 25 February 1661-2 – 16 May 1721-2 ), formerly Lady Anne Palmer, alias Fitzroy, was the eldest daughter of Barbara Palmer née Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, and most likely Charles II of England or Philip Stanhope, 2nd Earl of Chesterfield.

She was the first child of Barbara Palmer, who was the wife of Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine, and who was also a mistress of Charles II.

Lady Barbara FitzRoy ( 16 July 1672 – 6 May 1737 ) was the sixth and youngest child of Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland, a mistress of Charles II of England.

She was the fourth child and second daughter of Barbara Palmer née Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine who was by then separated but still married to Roger Palmer, 1st Earl of Castlemaine.

Charles Palmer, later FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, 1st Duke of Southampton, KG, Chief Butler of England ( 18 June 1662 – 9 September 1730 ), styled Baron Limerick before 1670 and Earl of Southampton between 1670 and 1675, was the eldest son of Barbara Palmer, Countess of Castlemaine ( née Barbara Villiers, later 1st Duchess of Cleveland ) and the illegitimate son of King Charles II of England and Scotland.

* Barbara Prammer, 1st female National Council President of Austria

Due in part to service in the Democratic Party and his local connections in the state, he narrowly defeated Secretary of State Miles Rappaport in the Democratic primary for the 1st District when 17-year incumbent Barbara Kennelly gave up the seat to run for governor in 1998.

Henry FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Grafton KG ( 28 September 1663 – 9 October 1690 ) was the illegitimate son of King Charles II by Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine.

Lord Darlington was the husband of Lady Grace FitzRoy, daughter of Charles FitzRoy, 2nd Duke of Cleveland, the illegitimate son of King Charles II by his mistress Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland.

* Barbara McNeil: 1st wife of Michael Langhorne Astor

Born Barbara Villiers at the parish of St. Margaret's, Westminster, London, she was the only child of the 2nd Viscount Grandison, William Villiers ( a half-nephew of the 1st Duke of Buckingham ), and his wife, Mary Bayning, heiress of the 1st Viscount Bayning.

Lieutenant-General George FitzRoy, 1st Duke of Northumberland, KG, PC ( 28 December 1665 – 28 June 1716 ) was the third and youngest illegitimate son of King Charles II and his mother Barbara Villiers, Countess of Castlemaine ( also known as Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland ).

Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield ( 5 September 1664 – 17 February 1718 ), formerly Lady Charlotte Fitzroy, was the illegitimate daughter of King Charles II of England by one of his most notorious mistresses, Barbara Villiers, 1st Duchess of Cleveland

File: Retrato de Bárbara, Duquesa da Saxónia. jpg | Barbara Duchess of Saxony

Back in London by February 1671, Churchill's handsome features and manner – described by Lord Chesterfield as " irresistible to either man or woman " – had soon attracted the ravenous attentions of one of the King's most noteworthy mistresses, Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland.

That the writer of a play far more daring than Etheredge's She Would if She Could — and far more brilliant too — should at once become the talk of the court was inevitable ; equally inevitable was it that the author of the song at the end of the first act, in praise of harlots and their offspring, should attract the attention of the king's mistress, Barbara Villiers, Duchess of Cleveland.

The better known of his lovers included cabaret singer Florence Mills, banking heiress Poppy Baring, socialite Margaret Whigham ( later Duchess of Argyll and involved in a notoriously scandalous divorce case ), Barbara Cartland ( who believed him to be the father of her daughter Raine McCorquodale ) and musical star Jessie Matthews.

Other friends included Truman Capote, Sawai Man Singh II of Jaipur, Barbara Hutton, Diana Vreeland, Cecil Beaton, Babe Paley and William S. Paley, Gloria Guinness and Loel Guinness and the Duke and Duchess of Windsor who were the godparents of their children.

* Barbara of Brandenburg, Duchess of Brieg ()

Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland

* Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland ( 1641 – 1709 ), a mistress of Charles II

Events that spurred this development included the publication of Rachael Carson's landmark environmental book Silent Spring along with major environmental issues becoming very public, such as the 1969 Santa Barbara oil spill, and the Cuyahoga River of Cleveland, Ohio, " catching fire " ( also in 1969 ), and helped increase the visibility of environmental issues and create this new field of study.

Barbara was born at Cleveland House in St Martin in the Fields, London, England on 16 July 1672.

* Hedwig Jagiellon ( 1513 – 1573 ), daughter of Sigismund I the Old of Poland and his first wife the Hungarian Countess Barbara Zápolya.

* Barbara Huddleston Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of Loudoun ( 1919 – 2002 )

Abney-Hastings was born in Sussex, England, to Captain Walter Strickland Lord and Barbara Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of Loudoun.

Barbara Huddleston Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of Loudoun ( 1919 – 2002 ), was a Scottish countess.

Lady Britomart Undershaft was modelled on Rosalind Howard, Countess of Carlisle, the mother-in-law of Gilbert Murray, who with his wife Lady Mary served as inspiration for Adolphus Cusins and Barbara Undershaft.

On 14 July 1976, Viscount Althorp married Raine, Countess of Dartmouth, the daughter of novelist Barbara Cartland.

Frances later married Peter Shand Kydd and Lord Spencer won a bitter custody battle for his two younger children and married Raine, Countess of Dartmouth on 14 July 1976, the former wife of the 9th Earl of Dartmouth, and the daughter and only child of the romantic novelist Barbara Cartland and Alexander McCorquodale.

It returned to royal hands in the 1590s, and remained royal property until 1670, when Charles II gave it to his mistress, Barbara, Countess of Castlemaine.

His wife, Countess Marie Philippine von Martinitz, had valuable connections at court and his sister, Barbara ( b. Limerick 1700 d. Mantua 1751 ), was married to Freiherr ( Baron ) Francis Patrick O ' Neillan ( b. Dysert 1671 d. Mantua 1734 ) a Major General in the Austrian Service http :// www. clarelibrary. ie / eolas / coclare / people / baron_oneillan. htm ( See Dysert O ' Dea Castle ).

Anton Florian married Eleonore Barbara, Countess of Thun-Hohenstein ( 4 May 1661 – 10 February 1723 ) on 15 October 1679.

His grandmother Charlotte Lee, Countess of Lichfield, was the illegitimate daughter of Charles II, by his mistress, Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland.

Barbara was the daughter of Herman II, Count of Celje, and Countess Anna of Schaunberg.

# REDIRECT Barbara Abney-Hastings, 13th Countess of Loudoun

She then returned to the West End ( briefly returning to the Old Vic to play Emilia in their 1938 Othello ), notably playing Edith Gunter in Dodie Smith's Autumn Crocus ( Lyric, 1931 ), the Countess of Rousillon in All's Well That Ends Well ( Arts, 1932 ), Lady Strawholme in Ivor Novello's Fresh Fields ( Criterion, 1933 ), Liz Frobisher in John Van Druten's The Distaff Side ( Apollo, 1933 ), Barbara Dawe in Clemence Dane's Moonlight is Silver ( Queen's, 1934 ), Theodora in Elmer Rice's Not for Children ( Fortune, 1935 ), Masha in Chekhov's The Seagull ( New Theatre, 1936 ), the Mother in an English-language version of Garcia Lorca's Bodas de sangre entitled Marriage of Blood ( Savoy, 1939 ), Léonie in Jean Cocteau's Les Parents terribles ( Gate, 1940 ), Mrs Cheveley in Oscar Wilde's An Ideal Husband ( Westminster, 1943 ), and Cornelia in John Webster's The White Devil ( Duchess, 1947 ).

* Lady Anne Fitzroy, Countess of Sussex ( 1661 – 1722 ), daughter of King Charles II of England and Barbara Palmer, 1st Duchess of Cleveland

Norfolk married as his first wife Lady Flora Paulyna Hetty Barbara, daughter of the Charles Abney-Hastings, 1st Baron Donington and Edith Rawdon-Hastings, 10th Countess of Loudoun, in 1877.