It was a cultural powerhouse during the Baroque era as home to artists including Caravaggio, Rosa and Bernini, philosophers such as Telesio, Bruno, Campanella and Vico, and writers such as Battista Marino.

Amadis de Gaula ( original Old Spanish and Galician-Portuguese spelling ) (, ;, ; " Amadis of Gaul ") is a landmark work among the knight-errantry tales which were in vogue in 16th century Iberian Peninsula, and formed the earliest reading of many Renaissance and Baroque writers, although it was written at the onset of the 14th century.

Court theatre – used perspective scenery, a new invention from Italy not used in commercial theatre at the time – some writers have likened the illusion of Baroque royal theatre to the illusion of kingly power the performances were designed to reinforce.

Pierre Janelle published a study on Southwell in 1935 in which he recognized him as a pioneer Baroque figure, one of the first Baroque writers of the late 16th century and influential on numerous Baroque writers of the 17th century.

Baroque poetry was dominated by the contrasting styles of Francisco de Quevedo and Luis de Góngora ; both had a lasting influence on subsequent writers, and even on the Spanish language itself.

His poetry reaches back to the earlier makars, Henryson, Dunbar and Doouglas, but he also translates from Clément Marot and from Ronsard, and some of his work invites comparison with Baroque writers such as Marino, Góngora, Donne and Herbert.

Although modern Croatian linguists sometimes squabble about the range and actual value of his opus ( some are of the opinion that Croatian owes more to the period of Baroque Slavism in early 17th century ( with central authors like Bartol Kašić, Jakov Mikalja and Ivan Gundulić ), or to the Ragusan writers of the late 15th century / early 16th century-crucial writers being Džore Držić and Šiško Menčetić ) — no one denies Relković's popular appeal that was, at least, the final touch that helped neo-štokavian dialect to prevail as the basis of the Croatian language.

The obscurity and complexity of Solari's writing often was compared with Baroque writers, particularly Francisco de Quevedo, but with a corrosive approach to the actuality, being Neoliberalism in Argentina, the Gulf War, political corruption, the media, drug culture and the dark aspects of love.

His work includes drama, poetry, and prose, and he has been considered one of the last great writers of Spanish Baroque literature.

Quatremère de Quincy transformed the simple metaphor of architecture as language into a framework for reconceptualizing the structure of architecture ; modern writers describing " vernacular " architecture, or the Baroque " idiom " or the " vocabulary " of Classicism owe a debt to Quatremère de Quincy

Although Leoni had been influenced by the works and principles of Palladio, both Pevsner and the authors of the citaiton in the National Heritage List for England agree that the design of this front is more Baroque than Palladian.

* Roderick Conway-Morris, " Casting light on a Baroque sculptor ", International Herald Tribune, March 20, 1999: Review of exhibition " Algardi: The Other Face of the Baroque ,", 1999

Jones first concentrated on the Italian Baroque, a style then out of favor and relatively inexpensive in the years immediately following the war.

While in the late Baroque a major composer would have the entire musical resources of a town to draw on, the forces available at a hunting lodge were smaller and more fixed in their level of ability.

However, the length and weight of pieces was still set with some Baroque characteristics: individual movements still focused on one affect or had only one sharply contrasting middle section, and their length was not significantly greater than Baroque movements.

The style was used in bronze by Bernini for his spectacular St. Peter's baldachin, actually a ciborium ( which displaced Constantine's columns ), and thereafter became very popular with Baroque and Rococo church architects, above all in Latin America, where they were very often used, especially on a small scale, as they are easy to produce in wood by turning on a lathe ( hence also the style's popularity for spindles on furniture and stairs ).

Architects of the Renaissance and the Baroque periods in Europe based their rules on Vitruvius ' writings.

In the later 18th century the rules of the Renaissance and the Baroque periods came to be disregarded, and the original use of the orders revived, based on first-hand study of the ruins of classical antiquity-often hailed as the ' correct ' use of the orders.

His paintings, which combine a realistic observation of the human state, both physical and emotional, with a dramatic use of lighting, had a formative influence on the Baroque school of painting.

Despite this, his influence on the new Baroque style that eventually emerged from the ruins of Mannerism was profound.

One example is the 20 euro Baroque Silver coin issued on September 11, 2002.

During the Qianlong reign period and the continuing 19th century, European Baroque styles of painting had noticeable influence on Chinese portrait paintings, especially with painted visual effects of lighting and shading.

In the Late Renaissance and Baroque the painting of actual history tended to degenerate into panoramic battle-scenes with the victorious monarch or general perched on a horse accompanied with his retinue, or formal scenes of ceremonies, although some artists managed to make a masterpiece from such unpromising material, as Velázquez did with his The Surrender of Breda.

Roman Catholics maintained, even intensified the traditional use of icons, both printed and on paper, now using the different styles of the Renaissance and Baroque.

He looked to older music for inspiration in the art of counterpoint ; the themes of some of his works are modelled on Baroque sources such as Bach's The Art of Fugue in the fugal finale of Cello Sonata No. 1 or the same composer's Cantata No. 150 in the passacaglia theme of the Fourth Symphony's finale.

However, once a student learns that most Baroque instrumental music was associated with dances, such as the gavotte and the sarabande, and keyboard music from the Baroque era was played on the harpsichord or the pipe organ, a modern-day student is better able to understand how the piece should be played.

The bore of the recorder is tapered slightly, being widest at the mouthpiece end and narrowest towards the foot on Baroque recorders, or flared almost like a trumpet at the bottom on Renaissance instruments.

The deciding committee which evaluates potential candidates described their reasons for choosing Syracuse because " monuments and archeological sites situated in Syracuse are the finest example of outstanding architectural creation spanning several cultural aspects ; Greek, Roman and Baroque ", following on that Ancient Syracuse was " directly linked to events, ideas and literary works of outstanding universal significance ".

The styles, despite both being richly decorated, also had different themes ; the Baroque, for instance, was more serious, placing an emphasis on religion, and was often characterized by Christian themes ( as a matter of fact, the Baroque began in Rome as a response to the Protestant Reformation ); Rococo architecture was an 18th-century, more secular, adaptation of the Baroque which was characterized by more light-hearted and jocular themes.

# Baroque ornamentation, with an expressive, rather than merely aesthetic function.

Rococo architecture also brought significant changes to the building of edifices, placing an emphasis on privacy rather than the grand public majesty of Baroque architecture, as well as improving the structure of buildings in order to create a more healthy environment.

Before the Baroque era, keyboard music generally was not written for one instrument or another, but rather was written to be played on any keyboard instrument.

As with some later painters, in their hands the effect was of stillness and calm rather than the drama of the Baroque.

In some violin concertos, especially from the Baroque and modern eras, the violin ( or group of violins ) is accompanied by a chamber ensemble rather than an orchestra — for instance, Vivaldi's L ' estro Armonico, originally scored for four violins, two violas, cello, and continuo, and Allan Pettersson's first concerto, for violin and string quartet.

Transmitted via Islamic Spain, a new tradition of azulejos developed in Spain and especially Portugal, which by the Baroque period produced extremely large painted scenes on tiles, usually in blue and white, for walls rather than floors.

Regarding its distinctive features, Shand-Tucci writes “ It is in feeling wildly Baroque ( of all things )— a welcome touch of flamboyance for what would otherwise have been a rather staid clubhouse for the Signet … the graphic quality of Cram & Goodhue ’ s and LaRose ’ s new frontspiece is actually rather reminiscent of book design ( not to mention the Palladianism of several Tory Row mansions ), and centers on a two story pedimented Ionic pavilion displaying the Signet arms ….

Anthony Blunt found in Jouvenet's manner reminiscences of Poussin, Le Sueur, and the late work of Raphael, but with a characteristic Baroque emotionalism that " is still far from the full Baroque ... His compositions are primarily planned as high reliefs, and the movements are in sharp diagonal straight lines rather than in curves.

However, Ravel stated that his intention was never to imitate or tribute Couperin himself, but rather was to pay homage to the sensibilities of the Baroque French keyboard suite.

While chronologically his life overlapped with the beginning of the Baroque music era, he was a rather conservative composer who followed the techniques of the Renaissance masters of the previous generation.

Stile concitato ( rather Genere concitato ) or " agitated style " is a Baroque style developed by Claudio Monteverdi with effects such as having rapid repeated notes and extended trills as symbols of bellicose agitation or anger.

Though neoclassical architecture employs the same classical vocabulary as Late Baroque architecture, it tends to emphasize its planar qualities, rather than sculptural volumes.