Before the arrival of Christopher Columbus in 1492, the Taíno people populated the island which they called Quisqueya ( mother of all lands ) and Ayiti ( land of high mountains ), and which Columbus named Hispaniola, including the territory of today's Republic of Haiti.

Before his appointment in 2001 by Secretary-General Kofi Annan, he had served the U. N. as special representative to Haiti and to South Africa.

* Garrigus, John D. Before Haiti: Race and Citizenship in Saint-Domingue.

Before the war, the whole island of Hispaniola had been under Haitian rule for 22 years when Haiti occupied the newly independent state of Haití Español in 1822.

Before his death in 1283, Karma Pakshi wrote a will to protect the established interests of his sect by advising his disciples to locate a boy to inherit the black hat.

Before World War I, Portuguese forces, with some assistance from the Muslim population, subdued animist tribes and eventually established the territory's borders.

Before The Sorcerer, Gilbert had constructed his plays around the established stars of whatever theatre he happened to be writing for, as had been the case with Thespis and Trial by Jury.

Before the Roman invasion, begun in 43, Iron Age Britain already had established cultural and economic links with Continental Europe, but the Roman invaders introduced new developments in agriculture, urbanisation, industry and architecture.

Before insurance was established in the late 17th century, " friendly societies " existed in England, in which people donated amounts of money to a general sum that could be used for emergencies.

Before Lawrence died, the Jacob and Gwendolyn Knight Lawrence Foundation was formally established.

Before Raymond and Bohemond arrived, Agnes and King Baldwin arranged for Sibylla to be married to a Poitevin newcomer, Guy of Lusignan, whose older brother Amalric of Lusignan was already an established figure at court.

Before his consecration, Mellitus baptised Sæberht, Æthelberht's nephew, who then allowed the bishopric to be established.

Before the conflict broke out, the Adam Opel AG had established itself as the largest motor vehicle manufacturer in Europe.

Before World War I, the Portuguese Republic, established by the revolution of October 5, 1910, was the first of the 20th century.

Before going into business partnership with Klement, Laurin was established as a bicycle manufacturer in the nearby town of Turnov.

Before his death, Harding had established a margin account with stockbroker Sam Ungerleider.

Before Jesus ascended, he charged John with watching over the newly established Church and he was a pillar at the Church of Jerusalem.

Before Raymond and Bohemond arrived, however, Agnes and King Baldwin arranged for Sibylla to be married to a Poitevin newcomer, Guy of Lusignan, whose older brother Amalric of Lusignan was already an established figure at court.

Before taking the auspicia impetrativa (" requested " or " sought " auspices ; see below ) the templum, or sacred space within which the operation would take place had to be established and delimited ( it should be square and have only one entrance ) and purified ( effari, liberare ).

Agnes Mongan has written of the portrait drawings: Before his departure in the fall of 1806 from Paris for Rome, the familiar characteristics of his drawing style were well established, the delicate yet firm contour, the definite yet discreet distortions of form, the almost uncanny capacity to seize a likeness in the precise yet lively delineation of features. The preferred materials were also already established: the sharply pointed graphite pencil on a smooth white paper.

Before the Six-Day War, the movement for an independent Palestine received a boost in 1964 when the Palestine Liberation Organization was established.

Before ferries were established there were several drownings here nearly every year.

Before the Nuclear Regulatory Commission ( NRC ) was created, nuclear regulation was the responsibility of the AEC, which Congress first established in the Atomic Energy Act of 1946.

Before the creation of Llandaff Cathedral it became established as a Christian place of worship in the 6th century AD, probably because of its location as the first firm ground north of the point where the river Taff met the Bristol Channel, and because of its pre-Christian location as a river crossing on an east west trade route.

Before the Spanish conquest, the Pipil peoples established their capital, Cuzcatlán, near the current location of San Salvador.

Before adopting the Euro in 2002 Austria had maintained use of the Austrian schilling which was first established in December 1924.

Before the 2008 season, when Super League established a franchising system and ended automatic promotion and relegation in Super League, the National Leagues also used this system to determine the team that earned promotion to Super League.

Before long the atmosphere reverted to its old normalcy, and insects hummed and birds occasionally called.

Before them stalked the beadle, proclaiming as he went, `` Thus the Council deals with those who break its laws -- adulterers, thieves, murderers, and lewd persons.

Before you let loose a howl saying we announced its coming, not once but several times, indeed we did.

Before this, many of its families were assigned to the old order Liliales: a very large order containing almost all monocots with colourful tepals and without starch in their endosperm.

Before its adoption as Australia's national anthem, Advance Australia Fair saw considerable use elsewhere.

Before the production closed it recouped its initial investment.

" Before this, he had published several works on the revocation of the Edict of Nantes and its consequences, but his literary capacity was mediocre, his style stiff and cold, and it was his personal character rather than his reputation as a writer that earned him the confidence of the elector.

Before the early 18th century, the East India Company paid for its tea mainly in silver.

Before its merger with HP, it also sponsored the Williams Formula One team when it was still powered by BMW engines.

Before its coastline was first explored by Europeans in the 16th century, Delaware was inhabited by several groups of Native Americans, including the Lenape in the north and Nanticoke in the south.

Before the development of silicon power rectifier diodes, cuprous oxide and later selenium was used ; its low efficiency gave it a much higher forward voltage drop ( typically 1. 4 to 1. 7 V per " cell ", with multiple cells stacked to increase the peak inverse voltage rating in high voltage rectifiers ), and required a large heat sink ( often an extension of the diode ’ s metal substrate ), much larger than a silicon diode of the same current ratings would require.

Before beginning the construction, the vertex figure ABCD is obtained by cutting each connected edge at ( in this case ) its midpoint.

Before final negotiations were concluded in 1921, however, Afghanistan had already begun to establish its own foreign policy without repercussions anyway, including diplomatic relations with the new government in the Soviet Union in 1919.

Before the revolution Mubarak tolerated limited political activity by the Brotherhood for his first two terms, but then moved more aggressively to block its influence ( arguably leading to its recent rise in public support ).

Before the pup is ready to forage, the mother abandons it, and the pup consumes its own fat for weeks or months while it matures.

Before the 2008 season, Fenway Park's capacity was increased to 37, 373, where it remains following additional renovations for the 2009 season, making its total capacity the fourth smallest, ahead of Marlins Park, the Oakland-Alameda County Coliseum, and Tropicana Field.

Before the 1980s Soviet war, Afghanistan pursued a policy of neutrality and nonalignment in its foreign relations, being one of a few independent nations to stay neutral in both World War I and World War II.

Before leaving, in a meeting with all the Papal vicars held on April 29, 1357, Albornoz issued the Constitutiones Sanctæ Matris Ecclesiæ, which regulated all the matters of the Papal States and its division into provinces.

Before its acquisition by Google, the gmail. com domain name was used by a free e-mail service offered by Garfield. com, online home of the comic strip Garfield.

Before the merger, the employees of the HBC, unlike the North West Company, did not participate in its profits.

Before mating, each male excavates a brood site, a saucer-shaped depression under a rock or log with its entrance positioned out of the direct current, usually pointing downstream.

Before 1999, Bhutan had banned television and internet to preserve its culture, environment, its identity etc.