Before Greek civilization had assumed its historic form, there was likely to have been great freedom and independence of different localities in the matter of lyre stringing, which is corroborated by the antique use of the chromatic ( half-tone ) and enharmonic ( quarter-tone ) tunings pointing to an early exuberance, and perhaps also to a bias towards refinements of intonation.

Before 1820, Americans often assumed tomatoes were poisonous.

Before the spread of MRSA into the community, abscesses were not considered contagious, because it was assumed that infection required violation of skin integrity and the introduction of staphylococci from normal skin colonization.

Before the end of the year he had assumed full control of mining operations as the superintendent of the Morris Run Coal Company, a position of authority which he held for the remainder of his working life.

Before then, it was assumed that the Big Bang implied only an acceptance of the weaker cosmological principle which holds isotropy true only for spatial extents but not temporal extents.

Before he assumed his Lucas role he was part of the sale of Rover to BMW.

Before the distinctions between the North Plateau race and the Pacific race were fully documented, most botanists assumed that Ponderosa Pines in both areas were the same.

Before this was realized, higher magic numbers, such as 184 and 228, were predicted based on simple calculations that assumed spherical shapes.

Before the great attack from the South Tyrol which took take place in the Spring of 1916 Eugen assumed command as army group commander of the 11th and 3rd armies and took up headquarters at his cousin's, the Graf von Bozen und Maurer, estate just outside Bozen ( Bolzano ).

Before he was able to carry out his mission, Clarke was arrested and tried at the Old Bailey in London in May 1883 under the assumed name of Henry Hammond Wilson, a pseudonym he adopted during the course of the dynamiting campaign.

Before this paraphyly was realized to be as dramatic as it is, it was generally assumed that the laughingthrushes were a clade comprising several subgenera.

Before Smale proved this theorem, mathematicians had got stuck trying to understand manifolds of dimension 3 or 4, and assumed that the higher-dimensional cases were even harder.

Before the IAU assumed responsibility for astronomical nomenclature, only twenty-five satellites had been given names that were in wide use and are still used.

Before the birth of her younger brother, she was assumed to become Queen of Norway in the absence of a male heir, although this would have required a constitutional amendment, as women could not inherit the throne at the time.

Before he formally assumed his post, he was arrested by Chinese authorities and sentenced to 18 years in prison for tax evasion and other economic crimes.

Before the series Andrew Lawrence Keane is a lieutenant who assumed command when a superior officer was KIA at Antietam.

Before going to Temple University, and playing under college coach Wayne Hardin ( the former Navy coach who coached two Heisman Trophy winners in Joe Bellino ' 60 and Roger Staubach ' 63 ), Klecko played semi-pro football for the Aston ( Pa .) Knights of the Seaboard Football League and kept his eligibility by playing under the assumed name " Jim Jones " from fictional " Poland University.

Before Chapman assumed the Kent captaincy, the county team was sharply divided along social lines and the amateur leadership was aloof from and often dismissive of the professional players.

Before the investigations, it had been assumed that Belvoir was a simple castle, with just a single enclosure.

Before the current general definition of topological space, there were many definitions offered, some of which assumed ( what we now think of as ) some separation axioms.

Before he assumed the office, he made several controversial appointments.

Before 1973, when it was identified as Tall-i Malyan, Anshan had been assumed by scholars to be somewhere in the central Zagros mountain range.

Before she joined, the company was " primarily interested in building a really cool site ; profits, they assumed, would follow.

Before the doors close, James tells Helen to cheer up, and repeats his line, " You know what the Monty Python boys say ..." Helen ( who, in the beginning of the film, assumed the rejoinder to be " always look on the bright side of life.

Before coming on a visit to Spelman in 1885, Miss Mary had been a successful teacher in Worcester, and her position there was held open for her for a considerable period.

Baseball Before We Knew It: A Search for the Roots of the Game ( 2005 ), by David Block, suggests that the game originated in England ; recently uncovered historical evidence supports this position.

Before the cold war began in the late 1940s, Foot favoured a ' third way ' foreign policy for Europe ( he was joint author with Richard Crossman and Ian Mikardo of the pamphlet Keep Left in 1947 ), but in the wake of the communist seizure of power in Hungary and Czechoslovakia he and Tribune took a strongly anti-communist position, eventually embracing NATO.

Before the battle, Oswald had a wooden cross erected ; he knelt down, holding the cross in position until enough earth had been thrown in the hole to make it stand firm.

Before the onset of World War II, CBS recruited Edmund A. Chester from his position as Bureau Chief for Latin America at Associated Press to serve as Director of Latin American Relations and Director of Short Wave Broadcasts for the CBS radio network ( 1940 ).

Before the race at the Kyalami race track in South Africa, Lauda was the organiser of the so called ‘ drivers ' strike ’; Lauda had seen that the new Super-License required the drivers to commit themselves to their present teams and realised that this could hinder a driver's negotiation position.

Before the advent of the CCD beam profiler, the beam width was estimated using the knife-edge technique: slice a laser beam with a razor and measure the power of the clipped beam as a function of the razor position.

Before 1917, the position of the United States government and the feelings of the nation in respect to the " Great War " initially had properly been one of neutrality.

Before Clay's election as Speaker of the House, the position had been that of a rule enforcer and mediator.

Before his death in 1924, Lenin, while describing Trotsky as " distinguished not only by his exceptional abilities – personally he is, to be sure, the most able man in the present Central Committee ", and also maintaining that " his non-Bolshevik past should not be held against him ", criticized him for " showing excessive preoccupation with the purely administrative side of the work ", and also requested that Stalin be removed from his position of General Secretary, but his notes remained suppressed until 1956.

Before landing, the rider stops the spin by returning the feet to the board as it nears its original position.

Before the economic crisis of late 2008, the MoMA ’ s board of trustees decided to sell its equities in order to move into an all-cash position.

Before the game, a starting position is randomly determined and set up, subject to certain requirements.

Before the approval by voters of a 2004 charter amendment, the position of Mayor was called " Orange County Chairman ", which became an elected position in 1990.

Before 2011 it held the same position in the administrative hierarchy, according to Law 2539 of 1997, the Kapodistrias Plan, except that Ithomi was an independent municipality and Ancient Messene was a local division ( topiko diamerisma ) within it.

Before the launch of X-ray-observing satellites, such as the Chandra X-ray Observatory, X-ray observations generally had quite low angular resolution, but when the Moon passes in front of the nebula, its position is very accurately known, and so the variations in the nebula's brightness can be used to create maps of X-ray emission.

Before he could return to heaven and report to Olodumare however, his rival Oduduwa ( also called Oduwa, Oodua, Odudua or Eleduwa ) and younger brother usurped his position by taking the satchel and created in his stead the earth on the Primeval Ocean.

Before the advent of modern aids dead reckoning was widely used in air navigation, taking into account displacement of position caused by wind as far as possible, often using a tool called a wind triangle.

Before long he owned his own bottling plant and held an executive's position within the company.

Before the age of 20, Colbert had a post in the war office ; a position generally attributed to the marriage of an uncle to the sister of Secretary of War Michel le Tellier.

Before his death, Celestine forbade Theobald " to allow any change to be made in the position of the English crown, since the transfer of it had been justly denounced, and the matter was still under dispute ".

Before taking up her current position, Wolf taught at Harvard University, the University of Maryland, and the Johns Hopkins University.

Before Landrieu was elected, there were no high-ranking black employees or officials in City Hall ; he worked actively to change this by appointing African Americans to top positions, including Chief Administrative Officer, the number two position in the executive branch of city government.