The Ma ' ans chose for their abode the Chouf District in south-western Lebanon ( southern Mount Lebanon Governorate ), overlooking the maritime plain between Beirut and Sidon, and made their headquarters in Baaqlin, which is still a leading Druze village.

With help from the Italian city-states and other adventurers, notably King Sigurd I of Norway, Baldwin captured the port cities of Acre ( 1104 ), Beirut ( 1110 ), and Sidon ( 1111 ), while exerting his suzerainty over the other crusader states to the north – Edessa ( which he had founded in 1097 during the crusade ), Antioch, and Tripoli, which he helped capture in 1109.

Its capital was moved to Acre and controlled most of the coastline of present day Israel and southern and central Lebanon, including the strongholds and towns of Jaffa, Arsuf, Caesarea, Tyre, Sidon, and Beirut.

Nevertheless, his troops recaptured Beirut and Sidon for the kingdom before returning home in 1198.

As the kingdom was by now a relatively unimportant state, the Mongols paid little attention to it, but there were a few skirmishes in 1260: the forces of Julian of Sidon killed the nephew of Kitbuqa, who responded by sacking Sidon, and John II of Beirut was also captured by the Mongols during another raid.

Tyre fell without a fight the next day, Sidon fell in June, and Beirut in July.

Ancient ruins in Byblos, Berytus ( Beirut ), Sidon, Sarepta ( Sarafand ), and Tyre show a civilized nation, with urban centres and sophisticated arts.

The caravans developed limited routes that often led to the coastal cities of Tripoli, Beirut, Sidon, or Tyre.

In the 1930s, when Lebanon was still under the French mandate, Sidon had the largest Jewish population estimated at 3, 588 with 3, 060 in Beirut.

* Beirut and Sidon are captured by the Crusaders.

During his reign, Tyre expanded its power on the mainland, making all of Phoenicia its territory as far north as Beirut, including Sidon, and even a part of the island of Cyprus.

A second campaign, in 975, was aimed at Syria, where John's forces took Emesa, Baalbek, Damascus, Tiberias, Nazareth, Caesarea, Sidon, Beirut, Byblos and Tripoli, but failed to take Jerusalem.

By mid-September, Saladin had taken Acre, Nablus, Jaffa, Toron, Sidon, Beirut, and Ascalon.

On July 26, Saladin returned to the coast, and next received the surrender of Sarepta, Sidon, Beirut, and Jableh.

After his victory at the Battle of Hattin over the army of Jerusalem, Saladin was on the march north, and had already captured Acre, Sidon, and Beirut.

Conrad would retain the cities of Tyre, Beirut, and Sidon, and his heirs would inherit Jerusalem on Guy's death.

* 64 BCE: Phoenicia and the rest of Syria became a Roman province ; Tripoli, Tyre and Sidon granted privileges of self-government ( secondary role of Tripolis compared to Beirut and Sidon ); Roman general Pompey beheaded Dionysius, the ruler of Tripolis, judged as tyrant.

Lady Hester settled near Sidon, a town on the Mediterranean coast in what is now Lebanon, about halfway between Tyre and Beirut.

The PLO had taken over the heart of Sidon and Tyre in the early 1970s, it controlled great swathes of south Lebanon, in which the indigenous Shiite population had to suffer the humiliation of passing though PLO checkpoints and now they had worked their way by force into Beirut.

On April 13, Israeli warships initiated a blockade against Beirut, Sidon and Tyre, Lebanon's main ports of entry.

Under the Ottoman Empire, al-Khisas was administered as part of a sanjak in the vilayet of Damascus, and was later redesignated a part the vilayet of Sidon ( renamed the vilayet of Beirut ).

Peter goes on northward by Tyre, Sidon, Beirut, and Byblos to Tripolis ( H 7. 5 – 12 ).

" She recalled returning home to Beirut from a sight-seeing trip in Jordan to find Philby " hopelessly drunk and incoherent with grief on the terrace of the flat ," mourning the death of a little pet fox which had fallen from the balcony.

The remainder of the 19th century saw a relative period of stability, as Islamic, Druze and Maronite groups focused on economic and cultural development which saw the founding of the American University of Beirut and a flowering of literary and political activity associated with the attempts to liberalize the Ottoman Empire.

Wanting to maximize the area under its direct control, contain an Arab Syria centered on Damascus, and insure a defensible border, France established the Lebanon-Syrian border to the " Anti-Lebanon " mountains, on the far side of the Beqaa Valley, territory which had belonged to the province of Damascus for hundreds of years, and was far more attached to Damascus than Beirut by culture and influence.

All three branches are operated and coordinated by LAF Command, which is located in Yarzeh, east of Lebanon's capital, Beirut.

* Damascus, which included Damascus, Baalbek, Tripoli and Beirut.

Thermobaric and fuel-air explosives have been used in guerrilla warfare since the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing in Lebanon which used a gas-enhanced explosive mechanism, probably propane, butane or acetylene.

Fisk produced a three-part series titled From Beirut To Bosnia in 1993 which Fisk says was an attempt " to find out why an increasing number of Muslims had come to hate the West.

( 15: 372 ) An additional task of being the United Nations Liaison Office Beirut ( UNLOB ) was given to the headquarters of the Israel-Lebanon Mixed Armistice Commission ( ILMAC ) which was already located in Beirut.

* On 6 September 1970, the PFLP ( including Leila Khaled ) hijacked four passenger aircraft from Pan Am, TWA and Swissair on flights to New York from Brussels, Frankfurt and Zürich, and failed in an attempt to hijack an El Al aircraft which landed safely in London after one hijacker was killed and the other overpowered ; and on 9 September 1970, hijacked a BOAC flight from Bahrain to London via Beirut.

He arrived in Beirut on 12 January 1987 with the intention of negotiating with the Islamic Jihad Organization, which was holding the men.

In response to the 1983 Beirut barracks bombing, President Reagan assembled his national security team and planned to target the Sheik Abdullah barracks in Baalbek, Lebanon, which housed Iranian Revolutionary Guards believed to be training Hezbollah fighters.

Abdullah proposed the Arab Peace Initiative at the Beirut Summit that March, which Friedman has strongly supported since.

This allowed the PLA to seize seven US-made M48A5 main battle tanks ( MBTs ) and a number of Staghound armoured cars, AMX-13 light tanks and M113 APCs for its own armoured corps, further strengthened in 1985 with the arrival of some 70 T-54 / 55 MBTs, BTR-152, BTR-60 and BMP-1 APCs supplied on loan by Syria and the USSR, which they employed in the War of the Camps waged that same year against Nasserite and PLO militias in west Beirut.

By 1968, the international network included destinations like Athens, Beirut, Cairo, Geneva, London, Paris, Rome or Tunis, which were served using either Caravelle or Fokker F27 aircraft.

The planes, which carried 21 passengers each, flew on a route network centered in Nicosia that soon included Rome, London ( via Athens ), Beirut, Athens, Cairo, Istanbul, and Haifa.

In that context, the Syriac Catholic Patriarchal See was therefore moved to Beirut, to which many Ottoman Christians had fled from massacres.

Beer pong, also known as Beirut, is a drinking game in which players throw a ping pong ball across a table with the intent of landing the ball in a cup of beer on the other end.

But in the wake of the 1982 Sabra and Shatila Massacre, which provoked a political crisis in Israel and international embarrassment, U. S. forces moved into Beirut to encourage Israeli withdrawal.

Some sources claim Hezbollah's attack was a response to Israel's car-bomb assassination of Hezbollah member Ali Hussein Saleh in Beirut on August 3 in which two passersby were injured.

On July 16, 1958, Admiral James L. Holloway, Jr., CINCNELM and CINCSPECCOMME, flew in from London to Beirut airport and boarded, from which he commanded the remainder of the operation.