* the constituent governing institution of the federal Belgian state through the institutions named the Flemish Community ( capital " C "), exercising the powers in most of those domains for the aforementioned community, and the officially Dutch-speaking Flemish Region, which has powers mainly on economic matters.

The loss of Belgian markets also caused painful economic problems for the state.

Feelings of economic inequity were another cause of the Belgian uprising.

The urban and other textile industries, which had developed in the Belgian territories since the 12th century, became under the Burgundians the economic mainstay of northwestern Europe.

Belgian cultural life was dominated by the French influence, reinforced by economic domination of the industrial south.

With a spectrum of physical variation in the peoples, Belgian authorities legally mandated ethnic affiliation in the 1920s, based on economic criteria.

The United States was particularly concerned about the economic treaty it had reached with the Belgian government in London that enabled them to obtain Congolese uranium for America's secret atom bomb program.

These words ( above all other ideological and religious considerations, political opinions and debates and economic interests ) are not written in the Belgian constitution: nevertheless, they conform with the spirit of this Constitution.

With a spectrum of physical variation in the peoples, Belgian authorities legally mandated ethnic affiliation in the 1920s, based on economic criteria.

Foreign investment contributed significantly to Belgian economic growth in the 1960s.

Consequently, as German interest rates rose after 1990, Belgian rates have increased and contributed to a decline in the economic growth rate.

The railroad, which arrived in 1854, carried thousands of immigrants – at that time mostly Swedish, Belgian, and German, reflecting areas of economic problems in Europe – to Moline's borders.

After the war, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs in several Catholic governments between 1949 and 1954 and as economic advisor to the Belgian government and to the council of ministers of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation.

His ideas here, promoting a kind of Belgian nationalism, have also proved controversial, with many historians preferring to stress the economic unity of the Low Countries as a whole.

The Belgian government offered Camp Casteau, a 2 km² Belgian Army summer training camp near Mons, which was an area in serious need of additional economic investment.

The proximity with northern France, the numerous intermarriages ( as attested by the presence of surnames of both origins on either side of the border ), the close economic relations, the French occupation between 1792 and 1815, the standarisation of French in education, as well as modern media, have all contributed in making modern Belgian French almost identical to its Gallic counterpart.

A specific phenomenon in Belgium was the emergence of one-issue parties whose only reason for existence was the defence of the cultural, political, and economic interests of one of the linguistic groups or regions of Belgian society.

Claes was foreign minister of Belgium from 1992 until 1994, and secretary general of NATO from 1994 until 1995, when he resigned after the discovery of a bribe of over 50 million Belgian francs that was accepted during contract negotiations with Agusta helicopters during the time he was minister of economic affairs.

Though the new-born country had unifying elements, such as the Catholic religion, a French-speaking bourgeoisie and common economic interests opposed to the Dutch economic ones, the building of a unitary Belgian state posed some serious problems.

His deputy for economic affairs, Eggert Reeder was responsible for the destruction of " Jewish influence " in the Belgian economy, leading to mass unemployment of Jewish workers, especially in the diamond business.

The main cause of the Belgian Revolution was the domination of the Dutch over the economic, political, and social institutions of the Kingdom.

Flanders is both a cultural community and an economic region within the Belgian state, and has significant autonomy.

Belgian historian Henri Pirenne and Dutch historian Johan Huizinga popularized the following subdivisions in the early 20th century: the Early Middle Ages from 476 to 1000, the High Middle Ages from 1000 to 1300, and the Late Middle Ages from 1300 to 1453.

Gibbon was echoed a century later by the Belgian historian Godefroid Kurth, who wrote that the Battle of Poitiers " must ever remain one of the great events in the history of the world, as upon its issue depended whether Christian Civilization should continue or Islam prevail throughout Europe.

At his request, his memoirs about Prince Charles ( which he wrote at Churchill's suggestion ) were only published after de Staercke's death in 2003, with the help of and a preface by Belgian historian Jean Stengers.

Belgian historian Francis Balace wrote that capitulation was inevitable because the Belgian Army was not able to fight any longer against the German army.

Nevertheless, in 1961, the historian Ramon Arango, wrote that the Belgian monarchy is not truly constitutional.

The Belgian historian Jean Stengers wrote that some foreigners believe the monarchy is indispensable to national unity.

In his catalogue raisonné of Van der Weyden's, the Belgian art historian Dirk de Vos agrees with Campbell about the authenticity of these three paintings.

Henri Pirenne ( 23 December 1862-25 October 1935 ) was a Belgian historian.

* November 30-Aubert Miraeus, Belgian ecclesiastical historian ( died 1640 )

: For the 20th-century Belgian Byzantinologist, see Henri Grégoire ( historian )

This conclusion was contested by later scholars, in particular the Belgian historian J. F. Verbruggen.

Franz-Valéry-Marie Cumont ( Aalst, Belgium, 3 January 1868 – Brussels, 25 August 1947 ) was a Belgian archaeologist and historian, a philologist and student of epigraphy, who brought these often isolated specialties to bear on the syncretic mystery religions of Late Antiquity, notably Mithraism.

According to the Belgian maritime historian Basch, the earliest true lateen rig appears as early as the 1st century BC, in a Hellenistic wall painting found in a Hypogeum in Alexandria.

While city government of Beloeil refuses to take a position in the debate on the origin of the name, local historian Pierre Lambert has demonstrated that the various proposed links between the Belgian and Quebec cities are very tenuous at best, whereas the " Bel Œil " theory was first put forward by the Campbell family, who ( having purchased the seigneurie of Rouville in the nineteenth century ) had access to the archives of Jean-Baptiste Hertel.

According to Tertio, a Belgian Roman Catholic magazine, Verhofstadt's primary motivation to write this book on Pius XII was his support for the elimination of " one dominant religion's power " in Europe ; the journalist of the magazine also point to the fact, that Verhofstadt is not an academic historian, but a journalist and politician.

George Sarton ( 1884 – 1956 ) was a Belgian chemist and historian who is considered the founder of the discipline of history of science.

Ludo Martens ( 12 March 1946 – 5 June 2011 ) was a Belgian historian noted for his work on francophone Africa and the Soviet Union.

Godefroid Kurth ( 11 May 1847, Arlon – 4 January 1916 ) was a celebrated Belgian historian.

Their success, according to the Belgian historian Henri Pirenne, was due to a surplus of women occasioned by violence, war, military and semi-military operations, which took the lives of many men.

Paul Saintenoy ( 19 June 1862 – 18 July 1952 ) was a Belgian architect, teacher, architectural historian, and writer.

Among their Florentine circle could be counted the sculptor Adolf von Hildebrand, the writer Isolde Kurz, the English architect and antiquary Herbert Horne, the Dutch Germanist André Jolles and the Belgian art historian Jacques Mesnil.

Joseph-Marie-Bruno-Constantin, Baron Kervyn de Lettenhove ( 17 August 1817 — 3 April 1891 ) was a Belgian historian and politician.