Yochai Benkler has coined the term commons-based peer production to denote collaborative projects such as free and open source software and Wikipedia.

: Commons-based peer production is a term coined by Yale's Law professor Yochai Benkler to describe a new model of economic production in which the creative energy of large numbers of people is coordinated ( usually with the aid of the internet ) into large, meaningful projects, mostly without traditional hierarchical organization or financial compensation.

Commons-based peer production is a term coined by Harvard Law School professor Yochai Benkler.

Recently, Yochai Benkler further questioned the rigid distinction between firms and markets based on the increasing salience of “ commons-based peer production ” systems such as open source software ( e. g. Linux ), Wikipedia, Creative Commons, etc.

Yochai Benkler contrasts commons-based peer production with firm production ( in which tasks are delegated based on a central decision-making process ) and market-based production ( in which tagging different prices to different tasks serves as an incentive to anyone interested in performing a task ).

In the book, Benkler makes a distinction between commons-based peer production and peer production.

According to Yochai Benkler, Jack N. and Lillian R. Berkman Professor for Entrepreneurial Legal Studies at Harvard Law School, free software is the most visible part of a new economy of commons-based peer production of information, knowledge, and culture.

In The Wealth of Networks: How Social Production Transforms Markets and Freedom, a book published in 2006 and available under a Creative Commons license on its own wikispace, Yochai Benkler provides an analytic framework for the emergence of the networked information economy that draws deeply on the language and perspectives of information ecology together with observations and analyses of high-visibility examples of successful peer production processes, citing Wikipedia as a prime example.

# peer production-the collaborative production of use value is open to participation and use to the widest possible number ( as defined by Yochai Benkler, in his essay Coase's Penguin );

* Yochai Benkler, study of Commons-based peer production

* TED: Ideas worth spreading-Yochai Benkler introduces peer production.

Benkler contributed the essay " Complexity and Humanity " to the Freesouls book project, which discusses the human element in production and technology.

In 2007, Benkler joined Harvard Law School, where he teaches and is a faculty co-director of the Berkman Center for Internet & Society.

For example, Benkler argues that blogs and other modes of participatory communication can lead to " a more critical and self-reflective culture ", where citizens are empowered by the ability to publicize their own opinions on a range of issues.

The CBPP literature regularly and explicitly quotes FOSS products as examples of artifacts “ emerging ” by virtue of mere cooperation, with no need for supervising leadership ( without « market signals or managerial commands », in Benkler ’ s words ).

Charles Nesson, Lawrence Lessig, Jonathan Zittrain, John Palfrey, William W. Fisher, and Yochai Benkler hold appointments at the Center.

* Benkler, Yochai ( 2002 ), “ Coase's Penguin, or, Linux and The Nature of the Firm.

* Video: Dialogue between Langdon Winner and Yochai Benkler on The Wealth of Networks at Medialab-Prado ( Madrid, Spain ) on June 30, 2010.

* Work performed by individuals in commons-like, non-market networks, described in the work of Yochai Benkler.

In 2009, Yochai Benkler led a review of United States broadband policy.

Faculty include Yochai Benkler, William " Terry " Fisher, Urs Gasser, Lawrence Lessig, Charles Nesson, John Palfrey, and Jonathan Zittrain.

Other ( copyright ) scholars such as Yochai Benkler and Erez Reuveni promulgate ideas that are closely related to remix culture.

* Yochai Benkler, Sharing Nicely: On Shareable Goods and the Emergence of Sharing as a Modality of Economic Production, Yale Law Journal, Vol.

Yochai Benkler ( born 1964 ) is an Israeli-American professor of Law and an author.

In 1984, Benkler was the treasurer of Kibbutz Shizafon.

Benkler is on the advisory board of the Sunlight Foundation.

Wikipedia, Creative Commons, Open Source Software and the blogosphere are among the examples that Benkler draws upon.

It became the sole `` subject '' of `` international law '' ( a term which, it is pertinent to remember, was coined by Bentham ), a body of legal principle which by and large was made up of what Western nations could do in the world arena.

The term was originally coined in the 19th century by the founding sociologist and philosopher of science, Auguste Comte, and has become a major topic for psychologists ( especially evolutionary psychology researchers ), evolutionary biologists, and ethologists.

In some European countries, all cultural anthropology is known as ethnology ( a term coined and defined by Adam F. Kollár in 1783 ).

The first use of the term " anthropology " in English to refer to a natural science of humanity was apparently in 1593, the first of the " logies " to be coined.

The term " Afroasiatic " ( often now spelled as " Afro-Asiatic ") was later coined by Maurice Delafosse ( 1914 ).

The term " droid ", coined by George Lucas for the original Star Wars film and now used widely within science fiction, originated as an abridgment of " android ", but has been used by Lucas and others to mean any robot, including distinctly non-human form machines like R2-D2.

In approximately 450 BCE, Democritus coined the term átomos (), which means " uncuttable " or " the smallest indivisible particle of matter ".

The term isotope was coined by Margaret Todd as a suitable name for different atoms that belong to the same element.

While the term's etymology might suggest that antisemitism is directed against all Semitic peoples, the term was coined in the late 19th century in Germany as a more scientific-sounding term for Judenhass (" Jew-hatred "),

The term " orbital " was coined by Robert Mulliken in 1932.

The term antimatter was first used by Arthur Schuster in two rather whimsical letters to Nature in 1898, in which he coined the term.

In a related use, from 1975, British naturalist Sir Peter Scott coined the scientific term " Nessiteras rhombopteryx " ( Greek for " The monster ( or wonder ) of Ness with the diamond shaped fin ") for the apocryphal Loch Ness Monster.

He hoped to perfect the human spirit and, to that end, advocated a vegan diet before the term was coined.

It is unlikely that the term " democracy " was coined by its detractors who rejected the possibility of a valid " demarchy ", as the word " demarchy " already existed and had the meaning of mayor or municipal.

One could assume the new term was coined and adopted by Athenian democrats.

The term " allophone " was coined by Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s.

The system was described in 1976 by Guy Ottewell and also by Robert J. Weber, who coined the term " approval voting.

Before Peter Ladefoged coined the term " approximant " in the 1960s the term " frictionless continuant " referred to non-lateral approximants.

The term avionics was coined by journalist Philip J. Klass as a portmanteau of aviation electronics.

The term is the Old Norse / Icelandic translation of, a neologism coined in the context of 19th century romantic nationalism, used by Edvard Grieg in his 1870 opera Olaf Trygvason.

The term " aesthetics " was appropriated and coined with new meaning in the German form Æsthetik ( modern spelling Ästhetik ) by Alexander Baumgarten in 1735.

The term was coined by Michael Dummett, who introduced it in his paper Realism to re-examine a number of classical philosophical disputes involving such doctrines as nominalism, conceptual realism, idealism and phenomenalism.