Bernard Lewis states that the Muslim laity and Islamic authorities have always had great difficulty in accommodating post-Islamic monotheistic religions such as the Bahá ' í Faith, since the followers of such religions cannot be dismissed either as benighted heathens, like the polytheists of Asia and the animists of Africa, nor as outdated precursors, like the Jews and Christians.

Bernard Lewis notes that " similar position existed under the laws of Byzantine Empire, according to which a Christian could marry a Jewish woman, but a Jew could not marry a Christian woman under pain of death ".

* Bernard Lewis, Race and Slavery in the Middle East

Finkelstein believes there to be only one " truly mainstream " holocaust denier — Bernard Lewis, who was convicted in France of denying the Armenian genocide.

According to historian Bernard Lewis, Islamism, ( or as he terms it " activist " Islam ), along with " quietism ," form two " particular ... political traditions " in Islam.

" The prominent British-American orientalist Bernard Lewis argues that in the hadiths and the classical manuals of Islamic law jihad has a military meaning in the large majority of cases.

Middle East historian Bernard Lewis argues that " the overwhelming majority of classical theologians, jurists, and traditionalists ( specialists in the hadith ) understood the obligation of jihad in a military sense.

* Saint Bernard of Clairvaux, On Consideration, ( addressed to Pope Eugene III ), George Lewis, trans., Oxford, Clarendon Press, 1908.

* Lewis, Bernard.

** Bernard Lewis, British historian

Said was critical of both this scholarly tradition and of some modern scholars, particularly Bernard Lewis.

So inflated had this association grown, that in the work of orientalist scholars such as Bernard Lewis, the Ismailis were equated to the politically active fida ' is and thus regarded as a radical and heretical sect known as the Assassins.

Islamic historian Bernard Lewis cites the roll of honor at Alamut containing the names of fifty well-performed assassinations of known political enemies during the thirty-five years reign of Hassan.

So inflated had this association grown, that in the work of orientalist scholars such as Bernard Lewis the Ismailis were virtually equated to the politically active fida ' is.

According to Bernard Lewis, " The Arab historians, if they mention this engagement Battle of Tours at all, present it as a minor skirmish ," and Gustave von Grunebaum writes: " This setback may have been important from the European point of view, but for Muslims at the time, who saw no master plan imperilled thereby, it had no further significance.

* Lewis, Bernard ( 1994 ).

The phrase itself was earlier used by Bernard Lewis in an article in the September 1990 issue of The Atlantic Monthly titled " The Roots of Muslim Rage ".

* Bernard, Christian ( 2001 ) Rosicrucian Order AMORC: Questions and Answers Grand Lodge of the English Language Jurisdiction, AMORC, San Jose, California, ISBN 978-1-893971-02-8 ; based upon the earlier versions by Harve Spencer Lewis 1929 and following, and Heindel, Max ( 1910 ) ' The Rosicrucian philosophy in questions and answers M. A.

Among those to have been recognized by the WBC as world champions were the Undefeated Rocky Marciano ( 49-0 ), Roy Jones, Jr., Wilfred Benítez, Wilfredo Gómez, Julio César Chávez, Muhammad Ali, Joe Frazier, Sugar Ray Leonard, Mike Tyson, Salvador Sánchez, Héctor Camacho, Marvin Hagler, Carlos Monzón, Roberto Durán, Juan Laporte, Félix Trinidad, Edwin Rosario, Bernard Hopkins, Alexis Argüello, Nigel Benn, Lennox Lewis, Vitali Klitschko, Erik Morales, Manny Pacquiao and Floyd Mayweather Jr.

* Bernard Lewis ( born 1916 ), historian of Islam and the Middle East, born in Stoke Newington.

Other contributors during this period included Alfred Henry Lewis, Sinclair Lewis, A. J. Cronin, David Graham Phillips, George Bernard Shaw, Upton Sinclair, and Ida Tarbell.

* Lewis, Bernard ( 1984 ): The Jews of Islam.

Yeats, Cecil Day Lewis, Bernard Shaw, Samuel Beckett, Giles Cooper, C. S. Lewis, Lord Longford and Elizabeth Bowen.

A focus on studying political behavior, rather than institutions or interpretation of legal texts, characterized early behavioral political science, including work by Robert Dahl, Philip Converse, and in the collaboration between sociologist Paul Lazarsfeld and public opinion scholar Bernard Berelson.

Chereau used an updated 19th century setting that followed the interpretation of George Bernard Shaw who saw the Ring as a social commentary on the exploitation of the working class by wealthy 19th century capitalists.

George Bernard Shaw: His Plays ( 1905 ) is H. L. Mencken's interpretation of G. Bernard Shaw's plays, in which Mencken overwhelmingly embraced the man who was, at that time, his favourite playwright.

Bearing in mind George Bernard Shaw's perceptive observations upon Liszt's musical interpretation of the morality of the Don in the Don Giovanni Fantasy, it might be similarly if cautiously suggested that the combination and disposition of the themes in the minuet scene in the present work Fantasy also adumbrate a moral fable: that the flirtatiousness of Cherubino which may seem harmless enough at the beginning could be leading to the unforgivable behaviour of a Don Giovanni, unless good common sense ( See Figaro: " Non più andrai ...") hinders him from doing so.

After World War II most Tristan texts were in the form of prose novels or short stories, although Bernard Cornwell includes a " historical " interpretation of the legend as a side story in The Warlord Chronicles.

The most recognized arts towns in Canada are: Stratford, Ontario, home of the Stratford Festival of Canada and a large Shakespearean theatrical community ; and Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, home of the Shaw Festival, preserving the work of George Bernard Shaw and other Edwardian playwrights, such as Galsworthy, restored 18th and 19th century buildings with historical interpretation ; and classes in costume and drama, academic conferences, and year round arts initiatives, all in a town with five museums and a population under 14, 000.

Bernard Heuvelmans also treats of the largest snakes, but on the third level, and is chiefly concerned with the anaconda.

The Councilman, who is the Administration floor leader, also criticized Bernard L. Werner, public works director, for `` halting snow operations '' on Tuesday night after the Sunday storm.

Phillips ' superior officer Bernard Schriever agreed to loan Phillips to NASA, along with a staff of officers under him, on the condition that Phillips be made Apollo Program Director.

The term was popularized by G. L. Trager and Bernard Bloch in a 1941 paper on English phonology and went on to become part of standard usage within the American structuralist tradition.

Bernard of Clairvaux ( 1090 – 1153 ), in a 1700 painting by Georg Andreas Wasshuber ( 1650 – 1732 ) on display at Heiligenkreuz Abbey.

According to tradition, Bernard founded the monastery on 25 June 1115, naming it Claire Vallée, which evolved into Clairvaux.

Bernard would expand upon Anselm of Canterbury's role in transmuting the sacramentally ritual Christianity of the Early Middle Ages into a new, more personally held faith, with the life of Christ as a model and a new emphasis on the Virgin Mary.

This Bernard named Claire Vallée, or Clairvaux, on 25 June 1115, and the names of Bernard and Clairvaux would soon become inseparable.

Sarandon appeared in The Rothschilds and The Two Gentlemen of Verona on Broadway, as well making regular appearances at numerous Shakespeare and George Bernard Shaw festivals in the United States and Canada.

* Bernard Gui, The Inquisitor's Guide: A Medieval Manual on Heretics, translated by Janet Shirley ( Ravenhall Books, 2006 ).

The Supreme Commanders on June 5, 1945 in Berlin: Bernard Montgomery, Dwight D. Eisenhower, Georgy Zhukov and Jean de Lattre de Tassigny.

It went on to provide a breakthrough for some of the city's most famous writers, such as Synge, Yeats himself and George Bernard Shaw.

In 1992, Bernard Luskin, Philips Interactive Media, and Eric Doctorow, Paramount Worldwide Video, successfully put the first fifty videos in digital MPEG 1 on CD, developed the packaging and launched movies on CD, leading to advancing versions of MPEG, and to DVD.

A lion-faced deity found on a Gnostic gem in Bernard de Montfaucon ’ s L ’ antiquité expliquée et représentée en figures may be a depiction of the Demiurge.

The crossing of the St. Bernard Pass had allowed the French to surprise the Austrian army and win victory at the Battle of Marengo on 14 June 1800.

In 1956, after the 1954 closing of the U. S. immigration station, the then Mayor of Jersey City, Bernard J. Berry, commandeered a U. S. Coast Guard cutter and led a contingent of New Jersey officials on an expedition to claim the island.

Whilst there, the Queen met with Bernard of Clairvaux, demanding that he have the excommunication of Petronilla and Raoul lifted through his influence on the Pope, in exchange for which King Louis would make concessions in Champagne, and recognise Pierre de la Chatre as archbishop of Bourges.

His inventions were based on the printing mechanism from Hughes ' instrument, a distributor invented by Bernard Meyer during 1871, and the five-unit code devised by Carl Friedrich Gauss and Wilhelm Weber.

Updated 8 August 2009 < http :// rictornorton. co. uk / hervey. htm ></ ref > Algarotti left for Italy and finished his Neutonianismo per le dame (" Newtonism for Ladies "), a work on optics ( 1737 ), dedicated to Bernard le Bovier de Fontenelle.

Despite ordering a cease fire, which prevented a mutual massacre, Governor Marquis Bernard de Launay was beaten, stabbed and decapitated ; his head was placed on a pike and paraded about the city.

However, Gott was killed on the way to take up his command when a Messerschmitt Lieutenant-General Bernard Montgomery was appointed in his place.

St. Bernard of Clairvaux, whose feast falls on 20 August, became the Patron Saint of Gibraltar.