Italy has produced many important cinematography auteurs, including Federico Fellini, Michelangelo Antonioni, Roberto Rossellini, Vittorio De Sica, Ettore Scola, Sergio Leone, Dario Argento, Pier Paolo Pasolini, Bernardo Bertolucci, Franco Zeffirelli, Mario Bava, Sergio Corbucci, Lucio Fulci, Mario Monicelli, Marco Ferreri, Elio Petri, Ermanno Olmi, Umberto Lenzi, Lina Wertmüller, and Luchino Visconti.

He has worked under major directors, such as Stephen Frears ( in the 1988 period drama Dangerous Liaisons ); Gus Van Sant ( in the 1991 independent film My Own Private Idaho ); and Bernardo Bertolucci ( in the 1993 film Little Buddha ).

Bertolucci has one brother, the theatre director and playwright Giuseppe ( b. 27 February 1947 ).

His cousin was the film producer Giovanni Bertolucci ( 24 June 1940 – 17 February 2005 ), with whom he has worked on a number of films.

During the actual scene, she has also said she was crying real tears as she felt humiliated and violated by both Brando and Bertolucci.

Bertolucci has also written many screenplays, both for his own films as well as for films directed by others, two of which he also produced.

Bernardo Bertolucci has stated that he looked at a map of the southwestern United States, found the name of the town in Arizona, and decided to incorporate it into the film.

His poetry has won international recognition and has received many prizes in Europe and the United States, including the 1993 Bennett Award from Hudson Review ; the New Criterion Poetry Prize, 2002 ; the Premio Internazionale di Poesie Ennio Flaiano, 2001 ; and the Premio Internazionale di Poesia Attilio Bertolucci, 2004.

Tomlinson has excelled as an authoritative translator of poetry from the Russian, Spanish and Italian, including the work of Antonio Machado, Fyodor Tyutchev, César Vallejo and Attilio Bertolucci.

He has worked with many important film directors, in particular Bernardo Bertolucci, with whom he has had a long collaboration, as well as Francis Ford Coppola and Warren Beatty.

Shepard, Antonioni, Italian filmmaker Franco Rossetti, screenwriter Tonino Guerra and Clare Peploe ( wife of Bernardo Bertolucci ) worked on the screenplay.

From the 1960s, she worked in several pictures with famous directors, such as Pier Paolo Pasolini ( Edipo re, a. k. a. Oedipus Rex, 1967 ), Bernardo Bertolucci ( La strategia del ragno, 1972 ; Novecento, 1976 ), and Dario Argento ( Suspiria, 1977 ).

Bertolucci wrote two screenplays, the first draft was written almost entirely as a political film, from which emerged a story inspired by socialist syndicalism of the late 1920s in America.

This period brought him work on several European productions, with directors such as Luchino Visconti and Bernardo Bertolucci.

Italian filmmaker Giuseppe Bertolucci released a documentary in 2006, Pasolini prossimo nostro, based on an interview with Pasolini done on the set of Salò in 1975.

In 1975, Benigni had his first theatrical success with Cioni Mario di Gaspare fu Giulia, written by Giuseppe Bertolucci.

The boom of Italian cinema, which gave Bertolucci his start, slowed in the 1970s as directors were forced to co-produce their films with several of the American, Swedish, French, and German companies and actors due to the effects of the global economic recession on the Italian film industry.

Bertolucci left Pasolini's poetic ideas behind in order to follow his own personal idea about cinema, based primarily on the individuality of people who are forced to deal with sudden changes in their lives.

Bertolucci became infamous in 1972, with the controversial film Last Tango in Paris, with Marlon Brando and Maria Schneider, Jean-Pierre Léaud and Massimo Girotti, when a scene featuring the anal rape of character Jeane by character Paul using butter as a lubricant, among other depictions of the young Schneider that were thought to be exploitative, caused serious concern due to its representation of women.

Bertolucci answered this by saying he too much identified with Brando's character to humiliate him in such a way.

Brando too felt raped by Bertolucci, and did not speak to him for many years as a result of the trauma of being involved with the film.

Bertolucci increased his fame with his next few films, from Novecento ( 1976 ), an epic depiction of the struggles of farmers in Emilia-Romagna from the beginning of the 20th century up to World War II with an impressive international cast ( Robert De Niro, Gerard Depardieu, Donald Sutherland, Sterling Hayden, Burt Lancaster, Dominique Sanda ) to La Luna, set in Rome and in Emilia-Romagna, in which Bertolucci deals with the thorny issue of drugs and incest, and finally La tragedia di un uomo ridicolo ( 1981 ), with Ugo Tognazzi.

During the making of Last Tango in Paris, Bertolucci toyed with the idea of adapting Dashiell Hammett's book Red Harvest into a feature film.

Bertolucci co-wrote the film with Mark Peploe.

After his divorce from Adriana Asti, Bertolucci married Clare Peploe, screenwriter and director with Mark Peploe of Professione Reporter, and who had already collaborated with Michelangelo Antonioni.

Bertolucci was furious at Shochiku Fuji's interference with his film, calling it " revolting ".

It includes a booklet featuring an essay by David Thomson, interviews with production designer Ferdinando Scarfiotti and actor Ying Ruocheng, a reminiscence by Bertolucci, and an essay and production-diary extracts from Fabien S. Gerard.

Independently produced by Jeremy Thomas, it was directed by Bertolucci and released in 1987 by Columbia Pictures.

Others, such as Stanley Kubrick, Frank Capra, Bernardo Bertolucci, Paul Thomas Anderson, Quentin Tarantino, James Cameron, and Alfred Hitchcock had no formal college film training at all.

The film's script was written by Leone and his longtime friend and collaborator Sergio Donati, from a story by Bernardo Bertolucci and Dario Argento, both of whom went on to have significant careers as directors.

The screenplay was written by Leone and Sergio Donati, from a story devised by Leone, Bernardo Bertolucci, and Dario Argento.

In 1976 Bernardo Bertolucci was able to convince her to emerge from her stubborn silence, accepting a role in his movie Novecento.

The Last Emperor won all nine Oscars for which it was nominated, including two for Bernardo Bertolucci, who won for his direction and for co-writing the screenplay, adapted from the title character's autobiography.

His father's background helped his career: the elder Bertolucci had helped the Italian filmmaker Pier Paolo Pasolini publish his first novel, and Pasolini reciprocated by hiring Bertolucci as first assistant in Rome on Accattone ( 1961 ), where he met his first wife, Adriana Asti.

This, and the ultimate portrayal of her character, caused her great emotional trauma, and to her death on 3 February 2011, she still had not forgiven Bertolucci for what she considered an emotional rape of her being and identity.

Bertolucci is said to be working on a historical romance centering on 16th-century classical musician ( and murderer ) Carlo Gesualdo.

An extended version currently available on DVD runs 218 minutes ; cinematographer Vittorio Storaro and director Bernardo Bertolucci have confirmed that this version was created for television and does not represent a " director's cut ".

His most notable work was for Sergio Leone ; he and Bernardo Bertolucci collaborated on the story for the spaghetti western classic Once Upon a Time in the West.

He appeared with a hero of his, Marlon Brando in the Bertolucci film Last Tango in Paris, although the two never met, since all of Léaud's scenes were shot on Saturdays and Brando refused to work on Saturdays.

The movie The Dreamers of Bernardo Bertolucci, based on the novel The Holy Innocents of Gilbert Adair tells the story of an American university student in Paris during the protests.

His career was diverse and he composed frequently for major art house directors, most often François Truffaut ( including Jules and Jim ), but also for Jean-Luc Godard's film Contempt ( Le Mépris ), and for Alain Resnais, Louis Malle, and Bernardo Bertolucci, besides working on several Hollywood productions, including Oliver Stone's Platoon and Salvador.

* Bernardo Bertolucci claimed to have based his 1964 film Prima della rivoluzione ( Before the Revolution ), on the novel.

In the 1970s, during production of the film Last Tango in Paris, he had cue cards posted about the set, although director Bernardo Bertolucci declined his request to have lines written on actress Maria Schneider's rear end.

The film The Dreamers ( 2003 ) directed by Bernardo Bertolucci, with a script by Adair, was based on his book The Holy Innocents, which Adair revised and re-released under the same title as the film.

Director Bernardo Bertolucci found him on the first session of casting in Paris.

* A huge sheltering tree on a hilltop near the end of Stealing Beauty, a 1996 film by Bernardo Bertolucci, crowns a series of images evoking the primordial Paradise garden.

The Italian director Bernardo Bertolucci proposed adapting the film in the 1980s to the Chinese government ; they preferred his alternative proposal, The Last Emperor, a 1987 biopic based on the life of the Chinese Emperor Puyi.