Bhaiṣajyaguru is described in the eponymous Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharāja Sūtra (), commonly called the Medicine Buddha Sutra, as a bodhisattva who made 12 great vows.

A Sanskrit manuscript of the Bhaiṣajyaguruvaidūryaprabharāja Sūtra was among the textual finds at Gilgit, Pakistan, attesting to the popularity of Bhaiṣajyaguru in the ancient northwest Indian kingdom of Gandhāra.

* 30. 9 — Birthday of Bhaiṣajyaguru Buddha ( Medicine Buddha )

There are a large number of sutras which describe the nature and virtues of a particular Buddha or bodhisattva and their pure land, including Mañjusri, Kṣitigarbha, the Buddha Akṣobhya, and Bhaiṣajyaguru, also known as the Medicine Buddha.

Marici has also sometimes included as one of the Twelve Heavenly Generals associated with Bhaiṣajyaguru, the Buddha of Medicine.

Bhaiṣajyaguru is typically depicted seated, wearing the three robes of a Buddhist monk, holding a lapis-colored jar of medicine nectar in his left hand and the right hand resting on his right knee, holding the stem of the Aruna fruit or Myrobalan between thumb and forefinger.

* Bhaiṣajyaguru Sūtra, a Mahāyāna sūtra ( MS 2385 )

Within the halo are depicted the Seven Bhaiṣajyaguru Buddhas and seven apsaras.

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