Binary operations sometimes use prefix or ( probably more often ) postfix notation, both of which dispense with parentheses.

In June 2004, in a signed agreement with the United States, the European Union agreed to switch to a modulation known as BOC ( 1, 1 ) ( Binary Offset Carrier 1. 1 ) allowing the coexistence of both GPS and Galileo, and the future combined use of both systems.

Binary stars are also common as the nuclei of many planetary nebulae, and are the progenitors of both novae and type Ia supernovae.

Binary form is a musical form in two related sections, both of which are usually repeated.

Binary form is usually characterised as having the form AB, though since both sections repeat, a more accurate description would be AABB.

Star Control II was highly influenced, both in story and game design, by the games Starflight ( 1986 ) and Starflight 2: Trade Routes of the Cloud Nebula ( 1989 ), developed by Binary Systems and released on a variety of platforms by Electronic Arts.

Binary stars which are both visual and spectroscopic binaries also can have their distance estimated by similar means.

Numerous acts in the book How to Rap are described as being both underground and politically or socially aware, these include – Little Brother, Brother Ali, Mr. Lif, Murs, Immortal Technique, Binary Star, People Under the Stairs, Lifesavas, Zion I.

Underground artists often have high levels of critical acclaim – acts who have been specifically noted as being both underground and having numerous critically acclaimed albums include Jurassic 5, Aesop Rock, Ugly Duckling, Little Brother, Brother Ali, El Da Sensei, Dilated Peoples, Non Phixion, Freestyle Fellowship, Binary Star, Planet Asia, People Under the Stairs, Cannibal Ox and Zion I.

These ideas were further elaborated and refined in Two-Factor Theory: The Economics of Reality ( Random House, 1967 ) and Democracy and Economic Power: Extending the ESOP Revolution Through Binary Economics ( 1986, Ballinger Publishing Company, Cambridge, Massachusetts ; reprinted 1991, University Press of America, Lanham, Maryland ), both co-authored by Patricia Hetter Kelso, his collaborator since 1963.

A special variant of ICA is Binary ICA in which both signal sources and monitors are in binary form and observations from monitors are disjunctive mixtures of binary independent sources.

Binary zone plate: The areas of each ring, both light and dark, are equal.

Many book and magazines were published containing listings for games, and public domain software was developed and released from both BBS systems and public domain libraries such as " Binary Zone " in the UK.

Binary economics ( aka Two-factor Economics ) is a theory of economics that endorses both private property and a free market but proposes significant reforms to the banking system.

Binary productiveness attempts to quantify the proportion of output contributed by total labor input and total capital input respectively, Adding capital inputs to a production process increases labor productivity, but binary economic theory argues that it decreases labor productiveness ( i. e. the proportion of the total output with the support of both labor and capital that the labor inputs could have produced alone ).

Gouryella remixed two tracks for other artists, both in 1999: Solange-Messages and Binary Finary-1999.

* Binary search-runs in O ( log n ) time, looks both forward and backward

* Binary economics, an economic system that endorses both private property and a free market but proposes significant reforms to the banking system.

Binary trees can also be stored in breadth-first order as an implicit data structure in arrays, and if the tree is a complete binary tree, this method wastes no space.

A complete ABI, such as the Intel Binary Compatibility Standard ( iBCS ), allows a program from one operating system supporting that ABI to run without modifications on any other such system, provided that necessary shared libraries are present, and similar prerequisites are fulfilled.

On 26 April 2010, Binary Finary re-released a ' 2010 ' remix package of their track ' 1998 ' through Armada Music.

Binary restenosis is an epidemiological method of analyzing percent diameter stenosis for observing not only an individual patient, but also performing statistical techniques on group of patients to determine averages ( descriptive measures of central tendency ) or as a predictive variable.

On modern Unix-like operating systems, administrators and programmers can read core dump files using the GNU Binutils Binary File Descriptor library ( BFD ), and the GNU Debugger ( gdb ) and objdump that use this library.

The GNU Project's Binary File Descriptor library ( BFD library ) provides a common API for the manipulation of object files in a variety of formats.

The Binary File Descriptor library ( BFD ) is the GNU Project's main mechanism for the portable manipulation of object files in a variety of formats.

Although BFD was originally designed to be a generic library usable by a wide variety of tools, the frequent need to tinker with the API to accommodate new systems ' capabilities has tended to limit its use ; BFD's main clients are the GNU Assembler ( GAS ), GNU Linker ( GLD ), and other GNU Binary Utilities (" binutils ") tools, and the GNU Debugger ( GDB ).

* Binary File Descriptor library, the GNU Project's main mechanism for the portable manipulation of object files in a variety of formats

The GNU linker is part of the GNU Binary Utilities ( binutils ).

Binary relations are used in many branches of mathematics to model concepts like " is greater than ", " is equal to ", and " divides " in arithmetic, " is congruent to " in geometry, " is adjacent to " in graph theory, " is orthogonal to " in linear algebra and many more.

Binary relations are also heavily used in computer science.

Binary operations are the keystone of algebraic structures studied in abstract algebra: they form part of groups, monoids, semigroups, rings, and more.

Binary operations are often written using infix notation such as a * b, a + b, a · b or ( by juxtaposition with no symbol ) ab rather than by functional notation of the form f ( a, b ).

Binary trees are used to implement binary search trees and binary heaps.

The Extended Binary Coded Decimal Interchange Code ( EBCDIC ) character set contains 65 control codes, including all of the ASCII control codes as well as additional codes which are mostly used to control IBM peripherals.

Binary compounds of the chalcogens are called chalcogenides ( rather than chalcides ; however, this breaks the pattern of halogen / halide and pnictogen / pnictide ).

# Binary options are contracts that provide the owner with an all-or-nothing profit profile.

Nick Speakman of software developer Binary Designs pointed out that “ the custom chips are very powerful, but they require a lot of programming talent to get anything out of them.

( Binary parameters are common to digital computers, but may not be applicable to neurological systems such as the human brain.

Binary relations are very common, given the ubiquity of relations such as:

Binary and multi-star systems consist of two or more stars that are gravitationally bound, and generally move around each other in stable orbits.

Binary arithmetic and logical operations are performed as register-to-register and as memory-to-register / register-to-memory as a standard feature.

Binary files are currently available for several different operating systems, including Macintosh, Linux, DOS, and Windows.

In Binary Synchronous Transmission, the packet is formatted in 8-bit bytes, and special characters are used to delimit the different elements.

Binary stream ciphers are often constructed using linear feedback shift registers ( LFSRs ) because they can be easily implemented in hardware and can be readily analysed mathematically.

Binary format NaNs are represented with the exponential field filled with ones ( like infinity values ), and some non-zero number in the significand ( to make them distinct from infinity values ).

Binary star systems are very important in astrophysics because calculations of their orbits allow the masses of their component stars to be directly determined, which in turn allows other stellar parameters, such as radius and density, to be indirectly estimated.

Binary stars are often detected optically, in which case they are called visual binaries.

Binary stars which can be resolved with a telescope or interferometric methods are known as visual binaries.

Binary stars are classified into four types according to the way in which they are observed: visually, by observation ; spectroscopically, by periodic changes in spectral lines ; photometrically, by changes in brightness caused by an eclipse ; or astrometrically, by measuring a deviation in a star's position caused by an unseen companion.