At the same time, seeing a moment of royal weakness, Bohemian Protestants demanded greater religious liberty, which Rudolf granted in the Letter of Majesty in 1609.

The Bohemian Protestants appealed to Matthias for help, whose army then held Rudolf prisoner in his castle in Prague, until 1611, when Rudolf was forced to cede the crown of Bohemia to his brother.

The Siege of Pilsen ( or Plzeň ) or Battle of Pilsen was a siege of the fortified city of Pilsen () in Bohemia carried out by the forces of the Bohemian Protestants led by Ernst von Mansfeld.

In 1547 the Bohemian Estates rebelled against Ferdinand after he had ordered the Bohemian army to move against the German Protestants.

This led to deep consternation among many Bohemian Protestants, who feared not only the loss of their religious freedom, but also of their traditional semi-autonomy, under which many of the estates had separate, individual constitutions governing their relationship with the Empire.

These suspicions were further aroused when imperial officials ordered Protestants to stop erecting Protestant churches on the land of the prince of the church or Stifts, which the Protestants claimed to be comprised under the term " royal land " ( the Stifts did not belong to the Bohemian Estates ) which was open to them due to the Letter of Majesty – a very disputed legal interpretation of which the government disapproved.

While Emperor Ferdinand was occupied with the Bohemian rebellion of 1618, Bethlen led his armies into Royal Hungary in August 1619 and occupied the town of Kassa ( Košice ) in September, where his Protestant supporters declared him " head " of Hungary and protector of the Protestants.

The arrival of the Bohemian Protestants as well as weavers from nearby Silesia helped the settlement to grow and made it possible to became a town in 1547 by a privilege given by King Sigismund I the Old.

After 1620, due to a counter-reformation by the Roman Catholic Church, Bohemian Protestants were forced to choose between leaving the country or practicing their beliefs secretly.

A complex process of Germanisation took place in Bohemia after the defeat of Bohemian Protestants at the Battle of White Mountain in 1620.

In 1578 several Bohemian Protestants moved to the village and greatly contributed to its development.

After Władysław's refusal, Vytautas was postulated ( elected in absentia ) as Bohemian king, but he assured the pope that he opposed the heretics.

The 25-point Program was a German adaptation — by Anton Drexler, Adolf Hitler, Gottfried Feder, and Dietrich Eckart — of Rudolf Jung ’ s Austro – Bohemian program ; unlike the Austrians, the Germans did not claim to being either liberal or democratic, and opposed neither political reaction nor the aristocracy, yet advocated democratic institutions ( i. e. the German central parliament ) and voting rights solely for Germans — implying that a Nazi Government would retain popular suffrage.

His musical career began with The Vagrants, an R & B / Blue-eyed soul-rock band influenced by the likes of The Rascals that was one of the few teenage garage rock acts to come out of the New York metropolitan area itself ( as opposed to the Bohemian Greenwich Village scene of artists, poets and affiliates of the Beat Generation, which produced bands like The Fugs and The Velvet Underground ).

Christoph von Redern opposed Emperor Ferdinand II during the Counter-Reformation and after the Defenestration of Prague was among the uprising Bohemian Protestant estates, who were defeated at the 1620 Battle of White Mountain.

The Saint-Gobain factory, founded by royal initiative in France, was an important manufacturer, and Bohemian and German glass, often rather cheaper, was also important.

The order of march of the German army was as follows: the three Bavarian contingents, the Frankish contingent under Duke Konrad, the royal unit ( the center ), the two contingents of Swabians and the Bohemian contingent.

Upon the death of his Bohemian ally, Henry IV reconciled with King Rudolph I and in 1280 went to his Austrian court in Vienna, where Henry tried to obtain for himself the Polish royal crown.

Having persuaded Ottokar's former ally Duke Henry XIII of Lower Bavaria to switch sides, Rudolph compelled the Bohemian king to cede the four provinces to the control of the royal administration in November 1276.

Unaware of her royal lineage, she falls in love with the Bohemian Prince Florizel.

After suppressing Prague with the help of his brother Charles V's Spanish forces, he retaliated by limiting the privileges of Bohemian cities and inserting a new bureaucracy of royal officials to control urban authorities.

Wanting to air their grievances over this and other issues, a group of Bohemian nobles met with representatives of the Emperor at the royal castle in Prague in May, 1618 ; the meeting ended with two of the representatives and their scribe being thrown out a high window and seriously injured.

In 1387, the Bohemian royal son Sigismund of Luxembourg was elected King of Hungary a title which he owed chiefly to his marriage to Queen Mary of Hungary in 1385, without her consent.

They led a Bohemian life together, and among other incidents of that exciting time, they witnessed the mobbing of the royal family in the Tuileries ( June 20 ) and the overthrow of the Swiss Guards at the same spot ( August 10 ).

After a short time at the Bohemian court of Duke Vladislaus II, Agnes ' half-brother King Conrad III of Germany offered his hospitality to the Polish royal family, who settled at the Kaiserpfalz of Altenburg.

The castle served as a place for safekeeping the Imperial Regalia as well as the Bohemian / Czech crown jewels, holy relics, and other royal treasures.

The sceptre and the orb were already in use before proclamation of the Empire of Austria, as Bohemian royal regalia and for the hereditary private estates ( Erbhuldigung ) of the Archduchy of Austria.

The Czech Crown Jewels include the Crown of Saint Wenceslas ( Svatováclavská koruna ), the royal orb and sceptre, the coronation vestments of the Bohemian kings, the gold reliquary cross, and St. Wenceslas ' sword.

In 1346 the five royal cities of Upper Lusatia ( Bautzen, Görlitz, Löbau, Kamenz and Lauban ) and the still Bohemian town of Zittau founded the Lusatian League ( Sechstädtebund ).

The war eased the links of Upper Lusatia to the Bohemian crown, and because of the weakness of the kingdom the internal affairs of the margraviate were regulated largely without royal interference.

Bohemian Grove, a private club, has extensive land holdings in the area, which are used for summer retreats involving many high-ranking members of the business and government communities.

The Bohemian Club's all-male membership includes artists, particularly musicians, as well as many prominent business leaders, government officials ( including U. S. presidents ), senior media executives, and people of power.

In 1845, Bohemian nationals began to emigrate to the United States, and from 1848 the wave included some of the radicals and ex-priests who had wanted a constitutional government.

In 1871 the Old Czechs seemed successful, because the government agreed to the Fundamental Articles, which would have reinstated the historic rights of the Bohemian Kingdom.

A language decree promulgated in 1880 put Czech on an equal footing with German in the Bohemian " inner service " ( the language government officials spoke to one another ) and law.

" This meant that civil servants in the province would have to know both Czech and German, since government business would be conducted in both languages for internal Bohemian affairs.

This encouraged the Spanish government, perceiving internal weakness in the Republic, to choose a bolder policy in the Bohemian question than they otherwise might have done.

American evangelist Gerald Burton Winrod and other conspiracy theorists within the fundamentalist Christian movement in the United States — which emerged in the 1910s as a backlash against the principles of Enlightenment secular humanism, modernism, and liberalism — became the main channel of dissemination of Illuminati conspiracy theories in the U. S. Right-wing populists, such as members of the John Birch Society, subsequently began speculating that some collegiate fraternities ( Skull and Bones ), gentlemen's clubs ( Bohemian Club ) and think tanks ( Council on Foreign Relations, Trilateral Commission ) of the American upper class are front organizations of the Illuminati, which they accuse of plotting to create a New World Order through a one-world government.

Viewing the history of the world as the history of warfare between secret societies, conspiracy theorists go further than Rothkopf, and other scholars who have studied the global power elite, by claiming that established upper-class families with " old money " who founded and finance the Bilderberg Group, Bohemian Club, Club of Rome, Council on Foreign Relations, Rhodes Trust, Skull and Bones, Trilateral Commission, and similar think tanks and private clubs, are illuminated conspirators plotting to impose a totalitarian New World Order — the implementation of an authoritarian world government controlled by the United Nations and a global central bank, which maintains political power through the financialization of the economy, regulation and restriction of speech through the concentration of media ownership, mass surveillance, widespread use of state terrorism, and an all-encompassing propaganda that creates a cult of personality around a puppet world leader and ideologizes world government as the culmination of history's progress.

However, the new Czech-dominated government stood on the unity of the Bohemian ( or now called Czech ) lands, as confirmed by the 1919 Treaty of Saint-Germain-en-Laye, and considered the Pan-German party to be offensive and dangerous for the existence of the country.

In just 6 years the Most Coal Company ( Mostecká uhelná / MUS ), which was financed and led by the communist government of Czechoslovakia, completed the destruction of Bohemian history and culture, displacing thousands of inhabitants into rebuilt infrastructure and low-cost standardized housing projects, also known as paneláks.

In 1421, Bohemian parliament debated in Čáslav and voted new Hussite government.

Lucha performed in various acts, living on art in a Bohemian style, and produced music favored by the military nationalist government, who encouraged the diffusion of the Peruvian cultural expressions through mass media.

German and Bohemian administrators managed the government, and German became the language of administration and higher education.