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Bohemond served under his father in the great attack on the Byzantine Empire ( 1080 – 1085 ) and commanded the Normans during Guiscard's absence ( 1082 – 1084 ), penetrating into Thessaly as far as Larissa, but being eventually repulsed by Alexius I Comnenus.
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Bohemond and under
There was also the fiery Bohemond, a Norman knight who had formed a small kingdom in southern Italy, and a fourth group under Robert of Flanders.
Special suspicion was reserved for crusading leader Bohemond of Taranto, a southern Italian Norman who, under the leadership of his father Robert Guiscard, had invaded Byzantine territory in the Balkans in 1081
This is flatly contradicted by Alexander of Telese, who states that Bohemond left his lands under the governance of the Pope, and by Romuald of Salerno, who states that the regency of Taranto went to a relative of Bohemond's, Alexander, Count of Conversano.
Tancred died in 1112 and was succeeded by Bohemond II, under the regency of Tancred's nephew Roger of Salerno, who defeated a Seljuk attack in 1113.
In 1260, under the influence of his father-in-law, the Armenian king Hetoum I, Bohemond VI submitted to the Mongols under Hulagu, making Antioch a tributary state of the Mongol Empire.
In the mid-13th century, its leader Bohemond VI, under the influence of his father-in-law Hetoum I of Cilician Armenia, swore vassalage to the Mongol Empire, and contributed troops to the Mongol conquests in the region.
In 1260 Mongol forces combined with those of their Christian vassals in the region, including the army of Cilician Armenia under Hetoum I and the Franks of Bohemond VI of Antioch.
Bohemond III agreed to surrender Antioch in exchange for his freedom, sending the Marshal Bartholomew Tirel and Richard L ’ Erminet to turn the city over to Armenian troops under Hethum of Sassoun.
The citizens of Antioch, under the Latin Patriarch of Antioch, Aimery of Limoges, formed a commune which recognized Bohemond III ’ s eldest son, Raymond as lord until his father should be released.
In 1164, Bohemond and Raymond III of Tripoli marched out to relieve Harim, under siege from Nur ad-Din Zengi, but when Nur ad-Din retreated Bohemond led a charge against him.
Leo lured Bohemond to Bagras under pretense of a parley, captured him, and imprisoned him in Sis.
When Bohemond V died in January 1252, 15-year-old Bohemond VI succeeded under the regency of his mother.
At this point, under the threats of the Lombards, the entire army turned away from the possible safety of the Black Sea coast and again moved east, toward Danishmend territory and the rescue of Bohemond.
The Doge, alarmed by Norman control of the Strait of Otranto, took command of the Venetian fleet and sailed at once, surprising the Norman fleet under the command of Bohemond as night was falling.
Guiscard formed his battle line opposite Alexius's, with the right wing under the command of the Count of Giovinazzo, the left under Bohemond and Guiscard facing Alexius in the centre.
Bohemond spent his minority under the protection of Leo III of Armenia at his court in Cilicia.
His narrative of the trip to Jerusalem, initially under the leadership of Bohemond and then Raymond of Toulouse, was composed and written during the journey.
In 1268, the Antiochene knights and garrison were under the command of Simon Mansel, Constable of Antioch, whose wife was an Armenian Lady who was relative to Sybilla of Armenia, wife of prince Bohemond VI.
Bohemond and father
He was christened " Mark " at his baptism, but was nicknamed Bohemond ( after the legendary giant Buamundus gigas ), by his father due to his size as an infant.
According to the Breve Chronicon Northmannicum, Bohemond was in 1079 in command of a unit of his father ’ s army.
This early hostility to Alexius had a great influence in determining the course and policy of the Empire from the time of Bohemond ( whom his father had destined for the throne of Constantinople ) to that of Roger II of Sicily.
When his father Bohemond I died, absent from Antioch, Bohemond II was a child living in Apulia.
In 1198, while az-Zahir, the emir of Aleppo detained Leo, Bohemond of Tripoli entered Antioch, summoned the commune, and persuaded it to renounce in his favor its oath to his father.
In April 1201, Bohemond of Tripoli, informed of his father ’ s illness, rushed to Antioch, arriving on the day of the funeral.
Like his father before him, Bohemond had a notorious dislike for the Knights Hospitaller and the neighbouring Kingdom of Armenia, preferring an alliance with the Knights Templar.
Like his father however, Bohemond was unable to make any significant advances into the Empire's interior ; Alexios avoided a pitched battle and Bohemond's siege failed, partly due to a plague among his army.
The realization of the manor in Rende was the beginning of a larger project suggested years earlier by Robert Guiscard, Bohemond father, to build a defensive line in the valley of the Crati with fortresses in Bisignano, Montalto Uffugo, Rende and Cosenza.
Bohemond and great
In 1096, Bohemond, along with his uncle Roger I of Sicily the great count of Sicily, was attacking Amalfi, which had revolted against Duke Roger, when bands of crusaders began to pass, on their way through Italy to Constantinople.
Bohemond was the first to get into position before Antioch ( October 1097 ), and he took a great part in the siege of the city, beating off the Muslim attempts at relief from the east, and connecting the besiegers on the west with the port of St Simeon and the Genoese ships which lay there.
It might seem that Bohemond was destined to found a great principality in Antioch, which would dwarf Jerusalem ; he had a fine territory, a good strategic position and a strong army.
The defeat was decisive ; it made impossible the great eastern principality which Bohemond had contemplated.
Bohemond and attack
Most of the army of Jerusalem marched north with Philip, Raymond III, and Bohemond III to attack Hama, and Saladin took the opportunity to invade the kingdom.
Meanwhile Raymond had established himself in Tripoli with the aid of Alexius, and was able to check the expansion of Antioch to the south, and so early in 1104, Baldwin and Bohemond passed Aleppo to move eastward and attack Harran.
It was followed by a Greek attack on Cilicia ; and despairing of his own resources, in late 1104 Bohemond returned to Europe for reinforcements in order to defend his position.
Dazzled by his success, Bohemond resolved to use his army of 34, 000 men, not to defend Antioch against the Greeks, but to attack Alexius.
On 28 June, when Bohemond, the leader of the Christian army decided to attack, the Emirs decided to humble Kerbogha and they abandoned him at the critical moment.
He used these troops to attack the Byzantines in 1107, and when he was defeated at Dyrrhachium in 1108 he was forced by Alexius I to sign the Treaty of Devol, which would make Antioch a vassal state of the Byzantine Empire upon Bohemond's death ; Bohemond had actually promised to return any land that was reconquered when the Crusaders passed through Constantinople in 1097.
Although Bohemond IV and later his son, Bohemond V attempted to persuade the Pope to arrange a divorce between Isabella and Hethum, but both he and King Henry I of Cyprus were specifically forbidden by Rome to attack the Armenians.
Bohemond and on
He was then arrested by Saladin's deputy Taqi al-Din on allegations that he was planning to cede Harim to Bohemond III of Antioch.
* Bohemond of Taranto, key military leader on the First Crusade
It takes significant dramatic liberties, projecting that Hereward later took the alias ' Godwin of Ely ' and worked his way to the Head of Emperor Alexius's Byzantine forces ; before heading off on the First Crusade, to become a lead strategist of the Princes ' Crusade and advisor of Bohemond of Taranto.
He marched from Ma ' arrat, which had been captured in December 1098, into the emirate of Tripoli, and began the siege of Arqa on 14 February 1099, apparently with the intent of founding an independent territory in Tripoli that could limit the power of Bohemond to expand the Principality of Antioch to the south.
Bohemond then advanced on Larissa, where he intended to winter.
When Robert Guiscard died on 17 July 1085, Bohemond inherited his father's Adriatic possessions, which were soon lost to the Byzantines, while his younger half-brother Roger inherited Apulia and the Italian possessions.
With the newly discovered relic at the head of the army, Bohemond marched out to meet Kerbogha, who was miraculously defeated — miraculously, according to the Crusaders, because an army of saints had appeared to help them on the battlefield.
Bohemond and Hetoum fought on the side of the Mongols during the conquests of Muslim Syria, taking together the city of Aleppo, and later Damascus.
He was charged with attacking fellow-Christians in his raids on Byzantine islands on his journey to the east, of conspiring to provoke a civil war between Bohemond and Baldwin, and keeping for himself money given for the welfare of pilgrims, and deposed as Patriarch.
Bohemond had sent messengers to the other Crusader army and now struggled to hold on until help arrived, and his army was being forced back to the bank of the Thymbris river.
As Bohemond II progressed carelessly up the river, meeting only light resistance from the Armenians, the Danishmend Turks fell on him and massacred the whole of his army.
At the news of the coming of the Byzantine and Armenian troops, Nur ed-Din raised the siege, but Bohemond III decided to follow in pursuit ; the armies made contact on 10 August, near Artah.
The menace of the recent alliance between the Byzantine Emperor Isaac II Angelos and Saladin, and the more immediate threat of the Turkomans, led to a rapprochement between Leo and Bohemond III: on his accession Leo sought an alliance with the prince of Antioch and recognized his suzerainty.
Early next spring, King Henry I sailed to Tripoli, where young Bohemond joined him, and then went on to Antioch and Sis.
Leo determined that this great-nephew of his should inherit Antioch on the death of Bohemond III.
Bohemond IV was in Tripoli when the plot reached fruition: on the night of 14 February 1216 Leo managed by a successful intrigue, in which the Latin Patriarch, Peter undoubtedly helped, to smuggle toops into Antioch and to occupy the city without a blow.
In 1177, along with Raymond III and Philip, Count of Flanders, who had arrived on pilgrimage, Bohemond besieged Harim, but they could not recapture it and the siege was abandoned.
In 1190 Bohemond met the remnants of the German contingent arriving on the Third Crusade ; Frederick I, Holy Roman Emperor, had died on the way and some of his remains were buried in Antioch.
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