However, in 1952, David Bohm, dissatisfied with the prevailing orthodoxy, rediscovered de Broglie's Pilot Wave theory.

Non-locality, however, soon became established as an integral feature of quantum theory ( see EPR paradox ), and David Bohm extended de Broglie's model to explicitly include it.

Antony Valentini has extended the de Broglie – Bohm theory to include signal nonlocality that would allow entanglement to be used as a stand-alone communication channel without a secondary classical " key " signal to " unlock " the message encoded in the entanglement.

It extended the original Pilot Wave Theory to incorporate a consistent theory of measurement, and to address a criticism of Pauli that de Broglie did not properly respond to ; it is taken to be deterministic ( though Bohm hinted in the original papers that there should be disturbances to this, in the way Brownian motion disturbs Newtonian mechanics ).

The de Broglie – Bohm theory of quantum mechanics is a theory by Louis de Broglie and extended later by David Bohm to include measurements.

The idea that time might be experienced differently in enfolded space is one posited by quantum physicist David Bohm, who also believed that consciousness defined how we perceived the world.

The pilot wave model, originally developed by Louis de Broglie and further developed by David Bohm into the hidden variable theory proposes that there is no duality, but rather a system exhibits both particle properties and wave properties simultaneously, and particles are guided, in a deterministic fashion, by the pilot wave ( or its " quantum potential ") which will direct them to areas of constructive interference in preference to areas of destructive interference.

Decoherence provides an explanatory mechanism for the appearance of wavefunction collapse and was first developed by David Bohm in 1952 who applied it to Louis DeBroglie's pilot wave theory, producing Bohmian mechanics, the first successful hidden variables interpretation of quantum mechanics.

* de Broglie – Bohm – Bell pilot wave formulation of quantum mechanics

In the resulting representation, also called the de Broglie – Bohm theory or Bohmian mechanics ,, the wave – particle duality is not a property of matter itself, but an appearance generated by the particle's motion subject to a guiding equation or quantum potential.

In his later career, de Broglie worked to develop a causal explanation of wave mechanics, in opposition to the wholly probabilistic models which dominate quantum mechanical theory ; it was refined by David Bohm in the 1950s.

However, until the end of his life de Broglie returned to a direct and real physical interpretation of matter-waves, following the work of David Bohm.

The de Broglie – Bohm theory, also called the pilot-wave theory, Bohmian mechanics, and the causal interpretation, is an interpretation of quantum theory.

The de Broglie – Bohm theory is explicitly non-local: The velocity of any one particle depends on the value of the wavefunction, which depends on the whole configuration of the universe.

In de Broglie – Bohm theory, the wavefunction travels through both slits, but each particle has a well-defined trajectory and passes through exactly one of the slits.

While the ontology of classical mechanics is part of the ontology of de Broglie – Bohm theory, the dynamics are very different.

In de Broglie – Bohm theory, the velocities of the particles are given by the wavefunction.

In Bohm's original papers 1952, he discusses how de Broglie – Bohm theory results in the usual measurement results of quantum mechanics.

In summary, in a universe governed by the de Broglie – Bohm dynamics, Born rule behavior is typical.

Similarly, in the de Broglie – Bohm theory, there are anomalous initial conditions which would produce measurement statistics in violation of the Born rule ( i. e., in conflict with the predictions of standard quantum theory ).

It is in that qualified sense that Born rule is, for the de Broglie – Bohm theory, a theorem rather than ( as in ordinary quantum theory ) an additional postulate.

To extend de Broglie – Bohm theory to curved space ( Riemannian manifolds in mathematical parlance ), one simply notes that all of the elements of these equations make sense, such as gradients and Laplacians.

For a de Broglie – Bohm theory on curved space with spin, the spin space becomes a vector bundle over configuration space and the potential in Schrödinger's equation becomes a local self-adjoint operator acting on that space.

In Dürr et al., the authors describe an extension of de Broglie – Bohm theory for handling creation and annihilation operators, which they refer to as " Bell-type quantum field theories ".

Hrvoje Nikolić introduces a purely deterministic de Broglie – Bohm theory of particle creation and destruction, according to which particle trajectories are continuous, but particle detectors behave as if particles have been created or destroyed even when a true creation or destruction of particles does not take place.

Unlike de Broglie – Bohm theory, Valentini's theory has the wavefunction evolution also depend on the ontological variables.

In de Broglie – Bohm theory, nonlocality manifests as the fact that the velocity and acceleration of one particle depends on the instantaneous positions of all other particles.

There has been work in developing relativistic versions of de Broglie – Bohm theory.

Initially, it had been considered impossible to set out a description of photon trajectories in the de Broglie – Bohm theory in view of the difficulties of describing bosons relativistically.

He uses this generalized probabilistic interpretation to formulate a relativistic-covariant version of de Broglie – Bohm theory without introducing a preferred foliation of space-time.

* De Broglie – Bohm theory

De Broglie – Bohm theory is based on the following:

In the formulation of the De Broglie – Bohm theory, there is only a wave function for the entire universe ( which always evolves by the Schrödinger equation ).

In the history of de Broglie – Bohm theory, the proponents have often had to deal with claims that this theory is impossible.

David Bohm had suggested that were we to view the cosmos without the lenses that outfit our telescopes, the universe would appear to us as a hologram.

Bohm ’ s proposals have at times been dismissed largely on the basis of such tenets, without due consideration necessarily given to the fact that they had been challenged by Bohm.

In the context of this biography, Peat emphasized how Bohm had worked intensely on finding a mathematical expression for his vision of an interconnected, enfolded implicate order, from which an explicate order, the world of classical physics unfolds.

It is named after physicist David Bohm who originally proposed this form of dialogue.

A separate " molecular " Aharonov – Bohm effect was proposed for nuclear motion in multiply connected regions, but this has been argued to be a different kind of geometric phase as it is " neither nonlocal nor topological ", depending only on local quantities along the nuclear path.

Bohm proposed a hidden variable theory of quantum physics ( see Bohm interpretation ).

This spin up / down formulation was proposed by David Bohm, who conceived of spin as an observable in a version of thought experiments formulated in the 1935 EPR paradox.