( Musseli told friends she had not wanted to sell her home, but that Lerner urged her to cut her ties with her native city and that she entrusted Lerner with the proceeds of the sale, for investment in the U. S .) The daughter of a World War One French war hero and herself an unsung heroine of the Resistance, whose Corsican forebears were intimates of Napoleon Bonaparte, she later made Lerner the gift of a chateau in France after he declared to her that he wanted a French rural retreat where he could write.

The battle was the climax of a naval campaign that had ranged across the Mediterranean during the previous three months, as a large French convoy sailed from Toulon to Alexandria, carrying an expeditionary force under General Napoleon Bonaparte.

Within a week Bonaparte had resupplied his ships, and on 19 June his fleet departed for Alexandria in the direction of Crete, leaving 4, 000 men at Valletta under General Claude-Henri Vaubois to ensure French control of the islands.

Bonaparte had ordered the fleet to anchor in Aboukir Bay, a shallow and exposed anchorage, but had supplemented the orders with the suggestion that if Aboukir Bay was too dangerous Brueys could sail north to Corfu, leaving only the transports and a handful of lighter warships at Alexandria.

It is possible that Bonaparte envisaged Aboukir Bay as a temporary anchorage: on 27 July he expressed the expectation that Brueys had already transferred his ships to Alexandria and three days later issued orders for the fleet to make for Corfu in preparation for naval operations against the Ottoman territories in the Balkans, although the courier carrying the instructions was intercepted and killed by Bedouin partisans.

A more pressing problem for Brueys was a lack of food and water for the fleet: Bonaparte had unloaded almost all of the provisions carried aboard and no supplies were reaching the ships from the shore.

The first message to reach Bonaparte regarding the disaster that had overtaken his fleet arrived on 14 August at his camp on the road between Salahieh and Cairo.

Writing many years later, Bonaparte commented that if the French Navy had adopted the same tactical principles as the British:

The Ottomans, with whom Bonaparte had hoped to conduct an alliance once his control of Egypt was complete, were encouraged by the Battle of the Nile to go to war with France.

Historian Edward Ingram has noted that if Nelson had successfully intercepted Bonaparte at sea as ordered, the ensuing battle could have annihilated both the French fleet and the transports.

His title was a matter of dispute with the governor of St Helena, who insisted on addressing him as " General Bonaparte ", despite the " historical reality that he had been an emperor " and therefore retained the title.

France reached the zenith of its power during this period, dominating the European continent in an unprecedented fashion under Napoleon Bonaparte, but by 1815 it had been restored to its pre-Revolutionary borders.

Also the bishop of Würzburg had revived it in his own favour in 1442 and held it until the reforms of Napoleon Bonaparte abolished it.

Louis Bonaparte was the nephew of the famous Napoleon Bonaparte, who had become dictator and then Emperor of France from 1804 until 1814.

Louis Bonaparte had been elected to a three-year term as President of the Second Republic of France on 20 December 1848.

British relations with France had scarcely improved since 1815. As prime minister, the Earl of Aberdeen was one of these officials, who feared France and Louis Bonaparte.

Without informing the rest of the cabinet or Queen Victoria, Palmerston had sent a private note to the French ambassador endorsing Louis Bonaparte's coup and congratulating Louis Bonaparte, himself, on the coup.

In 1808, soon after the death of his mother, he was appointed superintendent of the private library of Jérôme Bonaparte, King of Westphalia, into which Hesse-Kassel had been incorporated by Napoleon.

Napoleon Bonaparte had gained Louisiana for French ownership from Spain in 1800 under the Treaty of San Ildefonso, after being a Spanish colony since 1762.

That the Louisiana Purchase was illegal was described pointedly by the historian Henry Adams, who wrote: " The sale of Louisiana to the United States was trebly invalid ; if it were French property, Bonaparte could not constitutionally alienate it without the consent of the Chambers ; if it were Spanish property, he could not alienate it at all ; if Spain had a right of reclamation, his sale was worthless.

Initially known appropriately as the Achteck ( Octagon ), on 15 September 1814 it was renamed Leipziger Platz after the site of Prussia's final decisive defeat of Napoleon Bonaparte at the Battle of Leipzig, 16 – 19 October 1813, which brought to an end the Wars of Liberation that had been going on since 1806.

By the autumn of 1800, the United States Navy and the Royal Navy, combined with a more conciliatory diplomatic stance by the government of First Consul Napoleon Bonaparte, had reduced the activity of the French privateers and warships.

Since armies could not live off the land indefinitely, Napoleon Bonaparte always sought a quick end to any conflict by pitched battle.

During this period, he made the acquaintance of Napoleon Bonaparte at the siege of Toulon ( his later clash with Napoleon made him downplay the latter's abilities as a soldier: he noted in his Memoirs that the siege had been carried out by 30, 000 men against a minor royalist defending force, whereas the real number was 12, 000 ; he also sought to minimize the share taken by Bonaparte in the capture of the city ).

Ambitious Caroline had tried to make a match between Albert and Princess Mary Adelaide of Cambridge, the first cousin of Queen Victoria, and sought the help of Napoléon III ( Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte ) and his wife, Empress Eugénie.

He diligently sought to sow dissension in the Bonaparte household, and in a mission to Sweden he secured the co-operation of Bernadotte against Napoleon.

Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand wrote that Joseph Bonaparte " sought only life's pleasures and easy access to libertinism " while on the throne of Naples.

* May – The First Consul of France Citizen Bonaparte begins making preparations to invade England.

He has also worked as close friends and advisers to the likes of Erik the Red, William I of England ( whom he advised to invade England under the name Sir Von Savage ), Napoleon Bonaparte as Marshal Savage, Ra's al Ghul, Otto von Bismarck ( whom he helped to invade France as Baron Von Savage ), and Adolf Hitler.

Placing Mantua under siege, Bonaparte then led a French division south to invade and occupy Tuscany and the Papal States, defeating Papal forces at Fort Urban.

In 1796, Napoleon Bonaparte was given command of an army that was to invade Italy.

Bonaparte, aware of Nelson's pursuit, enforced absolute secrecy about his destination and was able to capture Malta and then land in Egypt without interception by the British force.

This allowed Bonaparte to propose an invasion of Egypt as an alternative to confronting Britain directly, believing that the British would be too distracted by an imminent Irish uprising to intervene in the Mediterranean.

Bonaparte believed that by establishing a permanent presence in Egypt ( nominally part of the neutral Ottoman Empire ) the French would obtain a staging point for future operations against British India, possibly in conjunction with the anglophobic Tippoo Sultan of Seringapatam, that might successfully drive the British out of the war.

During the spring of 1798, Bonaparte assembled over 35, 000 soldiers in Mediterranean France and Italy and developed a powerful fleet at Toulon ; he also formed the Commission des Sciences et des Arts, a body of scientists and engineers intended to establish the French colony in Egypt.

The defeat at Acre forced Bonaparte to retreat to Egypt and effectively ended his efforts to carve an empire in the Middle East.

* Circa 1799 — Napoleon Bonaparte conquers Egypt and orders a feasibility analysis.

Bonaparte, the main architect of victory in the last years of the First Coalition, had gone to campaign in Egypt.

Bonaparte returned from Egypt to France on 23 August 1799, and seized control of the French government on 9 November 1799 in the coup of 18 Brumaire, replacing the Directory with the Consulate.

While in Egypt in 1798, Napoleon Bonaparte wrote to Major-General Berthier that the

A newly graduated medical doctor, Mireur later became a general under Napoléon Bonaparte and died in Egypt at age 28.

During the Napoleonic Campaign in Egypt which extended into Syria and Palestine in 1799, a local official from Jenin wrote a poem enumerating and calling upon local Arab leaders to resist Bonaparte, without mentioning the Sultan or the need to protect the Ottoman empire.

On the postponement of Captain Nicolas Baudin's proposed voyage of circumnavigation, which he had been officially invited to accompany, Humboldt left Paris for Marseille with Aimé Bonpland, the designated botanist of the frustrated expedition, hoping to join Napoleon Bonaparte in Egypt.

Egyptology ’ s modern history begins with the invasion of Egypt by Napoleon Bonaparte.

At the head of an Ottoman army, he fought against the French under Napoleon Bonaparte during their French invasion of Egypt ( 1798 ) | invasion of Egypt in 1798.

Napoleon Bonaparte, with whom Tone had several interviews about this time, was much less disposed than Hoche had been to undertake in earnest an Irish expedition ; and when the rebellion broke out in Ireland in 1798 he had started for Egypt.

Under these circumstances, Horatio Nelson's victory of Aboukir ( 1 August 1798 ), which gave the British full command of the Mediterranean and isolated < span lang =" fr "> Bonaparte </ span > in Egypt, was the signal for a second coalition.

The Directors had felt forced to recall Bonaparte from Egypt.

The looming threat of opportunistic invasion by the Second Coalition had provoked internal unrest, with < span lang =" fr "> Bonaparte </ span > stuck in Egypt.

< span lang =" fr "> Bonaparte </ span > returned from Egypt a hero to the public despite his reverses.

To this end, Napoleon Bonaparte led an Armée d ' Orient to Egypt.

The death of Joubert at the Battle of Novi and the return of Napoleon Bonaparte from the Egypt campaign put an end to this project, but Sieyès regained influence by reaching a new understanding with Bonaparte.