Borneo () is the third largest island in the world and is located north of Java, Indonesia, at the geographic centre of Maritime Southeast Asia.

Borneo is home to one of the oldest rainforests in the world, along with the Daintree Rainforest in Australia and the Amazon rainforest.

It is the third highest peak in Southeast Asia, making Borneo the world's third highest island.

The Borneo rainforest is 130 million years old, making it the oldest rainforest in the world.

The Borneo rainforest is one of the only remaining natural habitats for the endangered Bornean Orangutan.

In the 14th century, almost all coastal parts of Borneo were under the control of Majapahit kingdom as is written in the Javanese Nagarakretagama document ( ca.

The name of a trading port city in Borneo is Tanjungpura in the Nagarakretagama ; the same name written in another Javanese Pararaton document ( ca.

Subsequently HM Sultan Jamalul Ahlam Kiram ( 1863 – 1881 ), the 29th reigning Sultan of Sulu, leased North Borneo in 1878 to Gustavus Baron de Overbeck and Alfred Dent, representing the British North Borneo Company in what is now the Malaysian state of Sabah.

Before the formation of Malaysian Federation, the Philippines claimed that the Malaysian state of Sabah in north Borneo is within their territorial rights based on historical facts of the Sultanate of Sulu's leasing agreement with the North Borneo Company, is presently an unresolved claim against Malaysia.

The demonym for Borneo is Bornean.

In the northwest of Borneo, the Dayak ethnic group is represented by the Iban with about 710, 000 members.

The following is a list of top 20 urban areas in Borneo by population based on 2010 statistic calculations.

Among all islands containing Indonesian territory, it is the 10th most populous after Java, Sumatra, Borneo, Sulawesi, New Guinea, Bali, Madura, Lombok, and Timor.

Four of the islands are shared with other nations: Borneo is shared with Malaysia and Brunei, Sebatik, located eastern coast of Kalimantan, shared with Malaysia, Timor is shared with East Timor, and the newly divided provinces of Papua and West Papua share the island of New Guinea with Papua New Guinea.

Its claimed overarching goal is to create a Pan-Islamic superstate across the Malay portions of Southeast Asia, spanning, from east to west, the large island of Mindanao, the Sulu Archipelago ( Basilan and Jolo islands ), the large island of Borneo ( Malaysia and Indonesia ), the South China Sea, and the Malay Peninsula ( Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand and Myanmar ).

The archipelago is around 800 km from the Asian mainland and is located between Taiwan and Borneo.

After his honorable discharge, he was the oldest competitor on Survivor: Borneo at 72 years of age, where he finished in third place.

Jennifer " Jenna " Lewis ( born July 16, 1977 ) was a contestant on Survivor: Borneo ( season one ), finishing eighth, and Survivor: All-Stars ( season eight ), finishing third.

The third is the revival of the submarine HVDC cable under the South China Sea to transport electricity from Borneo to Peninsular Malaysia.

On Survivor: Borneo, she was a member of the Tagi tribe and was voted off third, after spending nine days on the island fighting with Rudy.

The Commission found that ' About one third of the population of each territory of North Borneo and of Sarawak strongly favours early realisation of Malaysia without too much concern over terms and conditions.

During the last glacial period, New Guinea was part of Australia so the largest landmass would have been Borneo – Palawan.

It is the largest island entirely in Indonesia ( two larger islands, Borneo and New Guinea, are shared between Indonesia and other countries ) and the sixth largest island in the world at 473, 481 km < sup > 2 </ sup > with a population of 50, 365, 538.

The largest island is Borneo, which is shared with Indonesia and Brunei.

The largest cities or towns in the area are on Maimbung and Jolo of the Sulu Archipelago, plus the larger island of Palawan to its north, the coastal regions of the westward-extending Zamboanga Peninsula of Mindanao, and the northern part of the island of Borneo were formerly parts of the thalassocratic Sultanate of Sulu and North Borneo.

It is the largest urban centre in Borneo and the sixth largest in Malaysia.

East Kalimantan () is the second largest Indonesian province, located on the Kalimantan region on the east of Borneo island.

The six largest islands are New Guinea, Borneo, Sumatra, Sulawesi, Java, and Luzon.

Balikpapan has the largest and busiest airport on Borneo, the Sepinggan International Airport.

In 1928 the Australian Borneo Evangelical Mission began work with modest resources which nevertheless resulted in the largest indigenous church in Malaysia today, the Sidang Injil Borneo ().

The Karimata Islands are a chain of small islands off the west coast of Indonesian Borneo, the largest of which is ( Pulau ) Karimata, being about 20 km across ( east-west ), and situated at.

Among the largest Kongsi was the Lanfang Kongsi, which organised the mostly Hakka Chinese miners who had settled in western Borneo and established a republic, the Lanfang Republic, in what is now the Indonesian province of West Kalimantan.

From the Moluccas, he returned westward, touched at Borneo, and there chartered a vessel for Java, the largest of islands, as his Christian companions reckoned it.

The three largest mammals of Sabah – the Borneo Elephant, Sumatran Rhinoceros and Tembadau ( Bos javanicus ), are all found within the reserve.

Deeper waters separating Borneo from neighboring Sulawesi prevented a land connection to that island, creating the divide between Asian and Australia-New Guinea biological regions known as Wallace's Line.

True color Satellite image of the island of Borneo on 14 May 2012, as taken by the Terra ( satellite ) | Terra satellite

The Borneo lowland rain forests cover most of the island, with an area of.

The Borneo mountain rain forests lie in the central highlands of the island, above the elevation.

There are over 30 Dayak sub-ethnic groups living in Borneo, making the population of this island one of the most varied of human social groups.

* 1945 – World War II: Australian 9th Division forces liberate the Japanese-run Batu Lintang camp, a POW and civilian internment camp on the island of Borneo.

The Strait of Makassar runs along the western side of the island and separates the island from Borneo.

The island is surrounded by Borneo to the west, by the Philippines to the north, by Maluku to the east, and by Flores and Timor to the south.

Until the Holocene, tigers also lived in Borneo, as well as on the island of Palawan in the Philippines.

* 5, 770 km < sup > 2 </ sup > — Brunei, country on the island of Borneo

East Malaysia, also known as Sabah and Sarawak ( Sabah dan Sarawak ) or Malaysian Borneo, is the part of Malaysia located on the island of Borneo.

A topographic map of Borneo with East Malaysia located on the northern portion of the island.