* 1925 – Alija Izetbegović, Bosniak politician, 1st President of Bosnia and Herzegovina ( d. 2003 )

Stari Most | Old Bridge in Mostar, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge in Višegrad, Bosnia and Herzegovina

Bosnia and Herzegovina is located in Southeastern Europe, in the western Balkans.

The country's name comes from the two regions Bosnia and Herzegovina, which have a very vaguely defined border between them.

Bosnia occupies the northern areas which are roughly four fifths of the entire country, while Herzegovina occupies the rest in the south part of the country.

The major cities are the capital Sarajevo, Banja Luka in the northwest region known as Bosanska Krajina, Bijeljina and Tuzla in the northeast, Zenica and Doboj in the central part of Bosnia and Mostar, the capital of Herzegovina.

Eastern Bosnia is heavily forested along the river Drina, and overall close to 50 % of Bosnia and Herzegovina is forested.

There are seven major rivers in the Republic of Bosnia and Herzegovina:

* The Sava river is the largest river in Bosnia and Herzegovina but not the largest river that is flowing through Bosnia and Herzegovina.

The Sava river flows through Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia.

Sava is making a natural border between Bosnia and Herzegovina and Croatia and towns like Brčko, Bosanski Šamac, Bosanska Gradiška lies on the river.

Phytogeographically, Bosnia and Herzegovina belongs to the Boreal Kingdom and is shared between the Illyrian province of the Circumboreal Region and Adriatic province of the Mediterranean Region.

According to the WWF, the territory of Bosnia and Herzegovina can be subdivided into three ecoregions: the Pannonian mixed forests, Dinaric Mountains mixed forests and Illyrian deciduous forests.

* List of cities in Bosnia and Herzegovina

* Bosnia and Herzegovina

es: Geografía de Bosnia y Herzegovina

This article is about the demographic features of the population of Bosnia and Herzegovina, including population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations and other aspects of the population.

Politics of Bosnia and Herzegovina takes place in a framework of a parliamentary representative democratic republic, whereby the Council of Ministers of Bosnia and Herzegovina is the head of government, and of a multi-party system.

The FRY remained outside of the conflicts, but provided logistic, military and financial support to Serb forces in Croatia and Bosnia and Herzegovina.

After driving the Czechs out of his northern counties, he turned southwards again, this time recovering all the parts of Bosnia which still remained in Ottoman hands.

Bunjevci who remained in Bosnia and Herzegovina, as well as those in modern Croatia, today maintain that designation chiefly as an ethno-regional identity, and declare themselves as Croats.

The Albanian tribes were uniting into a single state, and Bosnia remained completely independent, as did Moldavia.

The Albanian tribes were uniting into a single state, and Bosnia remained completely independent, as did Moldavia.

However, most of the command chain, weaponry, and higher-ranked military personnel, including general Ratko Mladić, remained in Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Army of Republika Srpska (, VRS ) as the armed forces of the newly created Bosnian Serb republic.

On 28 February 1992, the Constitution of the SR BiH declared that the territory of that Republic included " the territories of the Serbian Autonomous Regions and Districts and of other Serbian ethnic entities in Bosnia and Herzegovina, including the regions in which the Serbian people remained in the minority due to the genocide conducted against it in World War II ", and it was declared to be a part of Yugoslavia.

The rebellion however, failed, and the crumbling Ottoman state remained in control of Bosnia for several more decades.

After the fall of the Kingdom of Bosnia into Ottoman hands in 1463, the southern and central parts of the Kingdom of Croatia remained unprotected, the defense of which was left to Croatian gentry who kept smaller troops in the fortified border areas at their own expense.

Northwest Bosnia remained part of Pannonian Croatia until 1102, when Croatia joined the Kingdom of Hungary.

At the Congress of Berlin in 1878, the Austro-Hungarian Foreign Minister Gyula Andrássy, in addition to the Austro-Hungarian occupation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, also obtained the right to station garrisons in the Sanjak of Novi Pazar, which remained under Ottoman administration.

Bosnia, along with Albania, were the only parts of the Ottoman Empire in the Balkans where large numbers of people were converted to Islam, and remained there after independence.

Ljubijankić remained an active medical doctor until October 1993 when he became foreign minister of Bosnia and Herzegovina.

From 1995 the War Child Diabetic Programme restored the diabetic support system in Bosnia ; and until 1998 War Child remained one of the main suppliers of diabetic medicines throughout Bosnia Hercegovina.

Tomislavgrad remained under Ottoman rule until 1878 when Austria-Hungary occupied Bosnia and Herzegovina after the Berlin Congress.

Glavaš fled to neighbouring Bosnia and Herzegovina, where he remained free because of his dual citizenship.

Since he had moved to Australia and until his death, due to difficulties and expenses involved in global communication in those times, Matzek remained only in written contact with the family in Bosnia, hoping for a long time that they could join him.

government to form the Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina, while the Bosnian Serb Republic remained

Serbia's aspirations towards Bosnia and Herzegovina were thwarted by the Austrian annexation of the province in October 1908, and so the Serbs focused their attention onto their historic cradle, Kosovo and to the south for expansion.

The Ottoman province of Bosnia.

As the Ottoman Empire thrived and expanded into Central Europe, Bosnia was relieved of the pressures of being a frontier province and experienced a prolonged period of general welfare and prosperity.

By the late 17th century, however, the Ottoman Empire's military misfortunes caught up with the country, and the conclusion of the Great Turkish War with the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699 once again made Bosnia the empire's westernmost province.

Following the 1492 expulsion from Spain, and the subsequent expulsions in Portugal ( 1497 ), these Jews, the nascent Sephardim, settled mainly in the Ottoman Empire ( primarily in the province of Bosnia, Anatolia, the Levant and Ottoman North Africa ), Morocco and Algeria, southern France, Italy, Spanish North America, Puerto Rico, Cuba, Dominican Republic ( Southwest United States New Mexico ( Hispano ), Texas ( Tejano ), Arizona, and Mexico ), Spanish South America and Portuguese Brazil and Goa, as well as the Netherlands, whence a number of families continued on to the former Dutch possessions of Curaçao, Suriname, Aruba and New Netherland ( now New York ), England ( as well as English colonies such as Barbados and Jamaica ), Germany, Denmark, Poland, Austria and Hungary.

The whole Empire was thus drawn into a new style of diplomatic brinkmanship, first conceived of by Andrássy, centering on the province of Bosnia and Herzegovina, a predominantly Slav area still under the control of the Ottoman Empire.

* Zeta Banovina, a province of the Kingdom of Yugoslavia between 1929 and 1941, located in present Montenegro, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia and Serbia

:: Padişah-i thalath şehireha-i Qostantiniyye, Edirne ve Hüdavendigâr, ül şehireyn-i Dimaşq ve Qahira, tamam Azerbayjan, Mağrib, Barqah, Kayravan, Haleb, ül -‘ Iraq-i ‘ Arab vel ‘ Ajam, Basra, ül-dulan-i Lahsa, Rakka, Musul, Partiyye, Diyârbekir, Kilikiyye, ül vilâyatun-i Erzurum, Sivas, Adana, Karaman, Van, Barbariyye, Habeş, Tunus, Trablus-i Garb, Şam, Kıbrıs, Rodos, Girit, ül vilâyet-i Mora, ül Bahr-i Sefid vel Bahr-i Siyah ve i-swahil, Anadolu, Rumeli, Bagdâd, Kurdistân, Yunanistan, Türkistan, Tatariyye, Çerkesyye, ül mintaqateyn-i Kabarda, Gürjistan, ül-Deşt-i Qipçaq, tamam ül-mamlikat-i Tatar, Kefe ve tamam ül-etraf, Bosna, ül şehir ve hisar-i Belgrat, ül vilâyet-i Sırbistan bil tamam ül-hisareha ve şehireha, tamam Arnavut, tamam Eflak ve Boğdan, ve tamam ül-mustamlak vel-hududeha, ve muteaddit mamalekat ve şehireha, i. e. Emperor of The Three Cities of Constantinople, Adrianople and Bursa, and of the Cities of Damascus and Cairo, of all Azerbaijan, of the Magreb, of Barka, of Kairouan, of Aleppo, of the Arabic and the Persian Iraq, of Basra, of Al-Hasa strip, of Ar Raqqah, of Mosul, of Parthia, of Diyarbakır, of Cilicia, of the provinces of Erzurum, of Sivas, of Adana, of Karaman, Van, of Barbary, of Abyssinia, of Tunisia, of Tripoli, of Damascus, of Cyprus, of Rhodes, of Crete, of the province of Morea, of the Mediterranean Sea, the Black Sea and also their coasts, of Anatolia, Rumelia, Baghdad, Greece, Turkistan, Tartary, Circassia, of the two regions of Kabarda, of Georgia, of the Steppe of Kypchaks, of the whole country of the Tatars, of Kefe and of all the neighboring regions, of Bosnia, of the City and Fort of Belgrade, of the province of Serbia, with all the castles and cities, of all Albania, of all Eflak and Bogdania, as well as all the dependencies and borders, and many other countries and cities.

Serbia's aspirations towards Bosnia and Herzegovina were thwarted by the Austrian annexation of the province in October 1908, whereupon the Serbs focused their expansionist attentions to the south.

The uprising was precipitated by the harsh treatment under the beys and aghas of the Ottoman province of Bosnia.

However, considering the special circumstances of the border-line province of Bosnia, the Ottoman sultan made an exception allowing for tapijas to be hereditary.

The province of Bosnia used the flag that was red and yellow horizontally, but the province of Herzegovina used the same flag but with reversed colors.

The Roman province Pannonia Secunda, which included Syrmia and parts of present day Slavonia and Bosnia was administered from Sirmium.

He governed the province of Hum, which was part of the Banate of Bosnia.

The Vilayet of Bosnia ( Bosnia and Herzegovina ) was supposed to become an autonomous province ( Article 14 ) like Serbia was ; Crete, Epirus and Thessaly were to receive a limited form of local self-government ( Article 15 ), while the Ottomans vouched for their earlier-given promises to handle reforms in Armenia in order to protect the Armenians from abuse.

Bosnia and Herzegovina, former Ottoman province, has historically been a multi-ethnic state.

It currently has 8 members: Croatia, Macedonia, Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Moldova, Montenegro, Serbia and UNMIK-administered Kosovo province.

In order to consolidate the Ustaša party power, much of the party work in Bosnia and Herzegovina Jure Francetić ( an Ustaše Commissioner of this province ), was put in the hands of Catholic priests.

During 1699 when Sarajevo was set afire by soldiers of Field-Marshal Prince Eugene of Savoy, Travnik became the capital of the Ottoman province of Bosnia and residence of the Bosnian viziers.

As governor of the province of Bosnia, Isa-Beg assured its future prosperity.