An orchestration was therefore commissioned in secret from Friedrich Cerha and premièred in Paris ( under Pierre Boulez ) only in 1979, soon after Helene Berg's own death.

Other well-known Berg compositions include the Lyric Suite ( 1926 ), which was later shown to employ elaborate cyphers to document a secret love affair ; the extraordinarily elaborate post-Mahlerian Three Pieces for Orchestra ( completed in 1915 but not performed until after Wozzeck ); and the Chamber Concerto ( Kammerkonzert, 1923 – 25 ) for violin, piano and 13 wind instruments: this latter is written so conscientiously that Pierre Boulez has called it " Berg's strictest composition " and it, too, is permeated by cyphers and posthumously disclosed hidden programs.

Soon, however, Pei and his team won the support of several key cultural icons, including the conductor Pierre Boulez and Claude Pompidou, widow of former French President Georges Pompidou, after whom another controversial museum was named.

Gruppen was premiered in Cologne, in 1958, conducted by Stockhausen, Bruno Maderna and Pierre Boulez.

Yet conflicts between the so-called Darmstadt school, which included composers like Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Karel Goeyvaerts, Luciano Berio and Gottfried Michael Koenig, soon arose, receiving explicit expression in Adorno's 1954 lecture, " The Aging of the New Music ", where he argued that atonality's freedom was being restricted to serialism in much the same way as it was once restricted by twelve-tone technique.

Webern was not a prolific composer ; just thirty-one of his compositions were published in his lifetime, and when Pierre Boulez oversaw a project to record all of his compositions, including those without opus numbers, the results fit on just six CDs.

Boulez was born March 26, 1925 in Montbrison, Loire, France.

Thereafter, Boulez was influenced by Messiaen's research to extend twelve-tone technique beyond the realm of pitch organization, serialising durations, dynamics, mode of attack, and so on.

Boulez was in contact with many composers who would become influential, including John Cage and Karlheinz Stockhausen.

Perhaps the culmination of the school took place at Darmstadt almost immediately after WWII, at the Internationale Ferienkurse für Neue Musik, wherein Schoenberg — who was invited but too ill to travel — was ultimately usurped in musical ideology by the music of his pupil, Webern, as composers and performers from the Second Viennese School ( e. g. Leibowitz, Rufer, Adorno, Kolisch, Stadlen, Stuckenschmidt, Scherchen ) converged with the new serialists ( e. g. Boulez, Stockhausen, Maderna, Nono, et al.

The serialization of rhythm, dynamics, and other elements of music was partly fostered by the work of Olivier Messiaen and his analysis students, including Karel Goeyvaerts and Boulez, in post-war Paris.

Notable appearances include Igor Stravinsky, Aaron Copland, Esa-Pekka Salonen and Pierre Boulez, who was festival director in 2003.

Published in 1979, the Cerha completion premiered on February 24 of the same year at the Opera Garnier and was conducted by Pierre Boulez, with Teresa Stratas singing the lead role ; the production ( by Patrice Chéreau ) was a sensation and the recording won the Gramophone Award for 1979.

Messiaen's music was by this time championed by, among others, Pierre Boulez, who programmed first performances at his Domaine musical concerts and the Donaueschingen festival.

He welcomed the fact that the orchestra's new principal guest conductor was David Robertson, a new-music expert and a protégé of Boulez.

Salonen later took the orchestra on many other tours of the United States, Europe, and Asia, and residencies at the Lucerne Festival in Switzerland, The Proms in London, in Cologne for a festival of Salonen's own works, and perhaps most notably, in 1996 at the Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris for a Stravinsky festival conducted by Salonen and Pierre Boulez ; it was during this Paris residency that key Philharmonic board members heard the orchestra perform in improved acoustics and were re-invigorated to lead fundraising efforts for the soon-to-be built Walt Disney Concert Hall.

As Paul Griffiths ' recent biography has clarified, Boulez had in fact attempted to get the Barraqué Piano Sonata performed for some years after it was finished.

Barraqué's music was published starting in 1963 by the Florentine businessman Aldo Bruzzichelli, who provided much-needed material assistance for the composer, but whose promotion could not perhaps compete with that of the better known Universal Edition in Vienna who published Boulez, Berio, and Stockhausen.

His work was radical, but avoided the punctualism of composers such as Pierre Boulez ( in his works of 1951 – 53 ), instead employing more conventionally expressive gestures.

In the 60s and 70s, the Darmstadt New Music Summer School was a major center of European modernism ; German composers such as Karlheinz Stockhausen and Hans Werner Henze and non-German ones such as Pierre Boulez and Luciano Berio all studied there.

* Pierre Boulez: Le marteau sans maître, for contralto and six instrumentalists, with prominent part for vibraphone ( 1955 ), "… explosante-fixe …", version for vibraphone and electronics ( 1986 )

Composers represented at its concerts included Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, Luciano Berio, John Cage, Sylvano Bussotti, Mauricio Kagel, Hans Werner Henze, Henri Pousseur, Ernst Krenek, Gilbert Amy, Peter Schat and Gilles Tremblay, as well as earlier composers considered part of the Modernist movement in music.

Boulez Conducts Zappa: The Perfect Stranger is a 1984 album featuring the music of Frank Zappa, conducted, in part, by Pierre Boulez.

Imogen Holst introduced early choral music, and soon works by European composers rarely heard at that time in England were in the repertoire, such as Berg, Mahler, Schoenberg, Poulenc, Boulez, and Webern.

Among his early students were the composers Pierre Boulez and Karel Goeyvaerts and the pianist Yvonne Loriod.

Manoury's work is strongly influenced by Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen, and Iannis Xenakis, and his early work from 1972 – 76 combines serial Punctualism with the densely massed elements characteristic of the music of Stockhausen and Xenakis, and the paintings of Jackson Pollock.

Rihm's early work, combining contemporary techniques with the emotional volatility of Mahler and of Schoenberg's early expressionist period, was regarded by many as a revolt against the avant-garde generation of Boulez, Stockhausen ( with whom he studied in 1972 – 73 ), and others, and led to a large number of commissions in the following years.

Fitkin lists his early classical influences as Igor Stravinsky, Anton Webern, Pierre Boulez and the American minimalist Steve Reich, and also acknowledges a broad range of influences outside the field of classical music, from jazz musicians Keith Jarrett, Muggsy Spanier and Miles Davis, and popular singer Frank Sinatra, to modern pop groups such as The Smiths, Wire and the Pet Shop Boys.

Among her friends were Boris Pasternak ( who did the first reading of his novel Doctor Zhivago at Yudina's apartment as early as February 1947 ), Osip Mandelstam, Mikhail Bakhtin, Pierre Suvchinsky, Dmitri Shostakovich, Pierre Boulez, Karlheinz Stockhausen and many others.

Through Messiaen, Boulez discovered twelve-tone technique — which he would later study privately with René Leibowitz — and went on to write atonal music in a post-Webernian serial style.

Conductors he collaborated with included Boulez, Bour, Gielen, Leibowitz, Maderna, Marriner, Martinon, Van Otterloo, Prêtre and Scherchen.

Subsequent principal conductors, with the title of Music Director, were Artur Rodziński ( 1933 – 1943 ), Erich Leinsdorf ( 1943 – 1944 ), George Szell ( 1946 – 1970 ), Pierre Boulez ( Musical Advisor 1970-1972 ), Lorin Maazel ( 1972 – 1982 ), and Christoph von Dohnányi ( 1984 – 2002 ).

Pierre Boulez, conductor emeritus and former principal guest conductor, has won twenty-six Grammy Awards including eight with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra and Chorus.

Boulez is tied with Alison Krauss as the third all-time Grammy winner, behind Sir Georg Solti ( thirty-one ) and Quincy Jones ( twenty-seven ).

She first came to prominence when Pierre Boulez programmed her Symposium for Orchestra with the Juilliard Symphony Orchestra in 1975.

* July 11 – July 22 – The Darmstädter Ferienkurse are held in Darmstadt with a series of lectures by Theodor W. Adorno, two public discussions of the new medium of electronic music, and world premieres of works by ( amongst others ) Richard Rodney Bennett, Pierre Boulez, Jacques Calonne, Aldo Clementi, Luc Ferrari, Alexander Goehr, Bengt Hambraeus, Hans Werner Henze, Bruno Maderna, Henri Pousseur, and Karlheinz Stockhausen.

* October 20 – October 21 – The Donaueschinger Musiktage new-music festival takes place with a memorial concert featuring the music of Arthur Honegger, and also concerts with compositions of ( amongst others ) Luciano Berio, Pierre Boulez, Claude Debussy, Gottfried von Einem, Hans Werner Henze, Roman Haubenstock-Ramati, Maurice Jarre, Olivier Messiaen, and Igor Stravinsky

Whilst with hindsight it is clear that Hodeir had accurately perceived the exceptional features of Barraqué's music — notably its searing Romantic intensity, which distinguishes it from the contemporaneous works of Boulez or Stockhausen.

While Boulez purposefully composed his pieces to allow the performer certain liberties with regard to the sequencing and repetition of parts, Cage often composed through the application of chance operations without allowing the performer liberties.

* Pierre Boulez with the Cleveland Orchestra

* Pierre Boulez with the Chicago Symphony Orchestra, 1995 ( Grammy Award winner )

As with many of his other pieces, Boulez later returned to the work and revised it.

* Pierre Boulez in conversation with Wolfgang Fink about Pli selon Pli

Notable later productions include those with set designs by Jean Cocteau ( first performed in Marseille in 1963 ), and the 1969 Covent Garden production conducted by Pierre Boulez.

In fact Nono's striking political commitment, while allying him with some of his contemporaries at Darmstadt such as Henri Pousseur and in the earlier days Hans Werner Henze, distinguished him from others, including Pierre Boulez and Karlheinz Stockhausen.

Nevertheless, it was with Boulez and Stockhausen that Nono became one of the leaders of the New Music during the 1950s.

Amongst his best-known recordings are the piano concerti of Edvard Grieg and Robert Schumann with conductor Herbert von Karajan ; the Brahms concerti with Leonard Bernstein, the piano concerti of Frédéric Chopin, one recording conducted by Carlo Maria Giulini and a later one conducted by himself at the keyboard ; the Third, Fourth and Fifth Piano Concertos of Beethoven under Bernstein ( Zimerman himself led the accompaniment of the Vienna Philharmonic from the keyboard in Beethoven's First and Second Concertos ); the first and second piano concerti of Rachmaninoff ; the piano concerti of Franz Liszt with Seiji Ozawa, the piano concerti of Maurice Ravel with Pierre Boulez, and solo piano works by Frédéric Chopin, Franz Liszt, Claude Debussy and Franz Schubert.