Zoé Oldenbourg ( 2000 ) compared the Cathars to " Western Buddhists " because she considered that their view of the doctrine of " resurrection " taught by Jesus was, in fact, similar to the Buddhist doctrine of reincarnation.

Compare with the Latin adages Omnia mutantur and Tempora mutantur () and the Japanese tale Hōjōki, () which contains the same image of the changing river, and the central Buddhist doctrine of impermanence.

Some attributes of such a god were transmitted to the bodhisattva, but the mainstream of those who venerated Avalokiteśvara upheld the Buddhist rejection of the doctrine of any creator god.

The doctrine of emptiness is also found in earlier Theravada Buddhist literature.

In return for the support of the laity, bhikkhus and bhikkhunis are expected to live an austere life focused on the study of Buddhist doctrine, the practice of meditation, and the observance of good moral character.

After having persuaded himself that Amidism was not the true Buddhist doctrine, he passed to the study of Zen Buddhism, which had become popular in Kamakura and Kyōto.

Other contributions to Buddhism were the teaching of The Five Guides of Propagation, The doctrine of the Three Great Secret Dharmas and the teaching of The Three Proofs for verification of the validity of Buddhist doctrines.

Nāgārjuna was also instrumental in the development of the two-truths doctrine, which claims that there are two levels of truth or reality in Buddhist teaching, the ultimate reality ( paramārtha satya ) and the conventionally or superficial reality ( saṃvṛtisatya ).

Taoism incorporated Buddhist elements during the Tang period, such as monasteries, vegetarianism, prohibition of alcohol, the doctrine of emptiness, and collecting scripture in tripartite organisation.

Tibetan Buddhism is the body of Buddhist religious doctrine and institutions characteristic of Tibet and certain regions of the Himalayas, including northern Nepal, Bhutan, and India ( particularly in Arunachal Pradesh, Ladakh, Dharamsala, Lahaul and Spiti in Himachal Pradesh, and Sikkim ).

Category: Buddhist belief and doctrine

The historical development and clarification of Buddhist doctrine and polemics, through dialectics and formal debate, is well documented.

Buddhist doctrine was rigorously critiqued ( though not ultimately refuted ) in the 2nd century by Nagarjuna, whose uncompromisingly logical approach to the realisation of truth, became the basis for the development of a vital stream of Buddhist thought.

To " turn the wheel of dharma " ( Zhuan Falun ) means to preach the Buddhist doctrine, and is the title of Falun Gong's main text.

Philosophers such as Cheng Yi and Zhu Xi reinvigorated Confucianism with new commentary, infused with Buddhist ideals, and emphasized a new organization of classic texts that brought out the core doctrine of Neo-Confucianism.

Mahayana Buddhism influenced Fan Zhongyan and Wang Anshi through its concept of ethical universalism, while Buddhist metaphysics had a deep impact upon the pre – Neo-Confucian doctrine of Cheng Yi.

Vajrayana subscribes to the two truths doctrine of conventional and ultimate truths, which is present in all Buddhist tenet systems.

The doctrine of Aum Shinrikyo is based on the Bible, Buddhist sutras and others.

For example, Nichiren Shōshū doctrine extends Tendai's classification of the Buddhist sutras into five time periods and eight categories ( 五時八教: goji-hakkyō ), its theory of 3, 000 interpenetrating realms within a single life-moment ( 一念三千: Ichinen Sanzen ), and its view of the Three Truths ( 三諦: Santai ).

The poem was subjected to two lines of criticism: it was held by Oriental scholars to give a false impression of Buddhist doctrine ; while, on the other, the suggested analogy between Sakyamuni and Jesus offended the taste of some devout Christians.

Thus for example the scholia on Jarir furnished him with a remarkable notice of the prevalence of Buddhist doctrine and asceticism in Iraq under the Omayyads.

Some Hindus believe the Buddha accepted and incorporated many tenets of Hinduism in his doctrine, however, Buddhists disagree and state there was no such thing as Hinduism at the time of Buddha and in fact, " Indeed, it absorbed so many Buddhist traits that it is virtually impossible to distinguish the latter in medieval and later Hinduism.

Hume's Bundle theory is a very similar concept to the Buddhist skandhas, though his denial of causation lead him to opposite conclusions in other areas.

Suffice to say that until the Joseon dynasty the primary influence was Chinese painting though done with Korean landscapes, facial features, Buddhist topics, and an emphasis on celestial observation in keeping with the rapid development of Korean astronomy.

Based on the tradition set by Nichiren the relationship between the government, major other Buddhist schools and Nichiren-temples remained to be ambiguous though.

For instance, in Japan and in some sects in Korea, monastic law regarding celibacy has been abandoned and Buddhist clergy do not take the ordination of a monk or nun but take alternate ordination which allows them to marry ( though nuns, at least in Japan, tend to remain unmarried ).

Falun Gong emphasises morality and the cultivation of virtue in its central tenets of Truthfulness, Compassion, and Forbearance (), and identifies as a qigong practice of the Buddhist school, though its teachings also incorporate elements drawn from Taoist traditions.

Esoteric traditions in China are similar in teachings to the Japanese Shingon school, though the number of practitioners was greatly reduced, due in part of the persecution of Buddhists under Emperor Wuzong of Tang, nearly wiping out most of the Chinese Esoteric Buddhist lineage.

The question of God is largely irrelevant in Buddhism, though some sects ( notably Tibetan Buddhism ) do venerate a number of gods drawn in from local indigenous belief systems yet this practice has taken on different meanings and has become a skillful mean within the Tibetan Buddhist practice.

During this turmoil, the Akali Dal began another agitation in February 1984 protesting against clause ( 2 )( b ) of Article 25 of the Indian constitution, which ambiguously states " the reference to Hindus shall be construed as including a reference to persons professing the Sikh, Jaina or Buddhist religion ", though it also implicitly recognizes Sikhism as a separate religion with the words " the wearing and carrying of kirpans shall be deemed to be included in the profession of the Sikh religion.

* Ando Shoeki, who denounced Confucian scholars and Buddhist clergy as spiritual oppressors of his age, though he still venerated the gods of old Japan as a pantheist would, equating them with the nature < ref >

While traditional sources do not seem to be aware of the possibility of abortion as relevant to the health of the mother, modern Buddhist teachers from many traditions – and abortion laws in many Buddhist countries – recognize a threat to the life or physical health of the mother as an acceptable justification for abortion as a practical matter, though it may still be seen as a deed with negative moral or karmic consequences.

And so the legend of Hariti, though originally Iranic in origin, became incorporated in to Buddhist lore after the arrival of Buddhism to Bactria, and with it, spread to the far reaches of east Asian lands such as Japan ; a country where the Gandharan Hariti is today known as Kishimojin.

Kim Busik was a patrician of Silla origin, and though he himself was a practicing Buddhist, he supported Confucianism over Buddhism as the guiding principle of governance and favored presenting tributes to the Chinese emperor to prevent a conflict with China and in deference to the lofty ( sadae ).

As such, it seems as though Atiśa's two-year journey to Tibet is interpreted within the Buddhist tradition as a fulfilment of destiny.

After taking the vows of a Buddhist monk for about 3 years, Sin joined the service of King Ekatat and was first deputy governor and later governor of the Tak, which gained him his name Phraya Tak, the governor of Tak, which was exposed to danger from Burma, though his official noble title was " Phraya Tak ".

Even though King Taksin had applied himself to reforming the Buddhist religion after its period of decline following the loss of Ayutthaya to Burma, gradually bringing it back to the normalcy it enjoyed during the Ayutthaya kingdom, since his reign was so brief he was not able to do very much.

It is even referred to as though it was first used in China during the Song Dynasty, and brought to Japan by Myōan Eisai, a Japanese Buddhist priest who also introduced the Rinzai school of Zen Buddhism.

However, even though the Khmer at that time were Hindu, the temple was built as a Buddhist temple, as Buddhism in the Khorat area dated back to the 7th century.

For those not ordained into the Triratna Buddhist Order, the practices associated with the first two are emphasised, though the spirit of the last two is also taught.

The scholar B. Bhattacharya studied various texts such as the Buddhist Sadhanamala ( 1156 CE ), Hindu Chhinnamastakalpa and Tantrasara ( 17th century ); he found that the Hindu Chhinnamasta and Buddhist Chinnamunda are the same, though the former wears a serpent as a sacred thread and has an added Rati-Kamadeva couple in the icon.

As a result, Tendai esoteric ritual bears much in common with the explicitly Vajrayana tradition of Shingon Buddhist ritual, though the underlying doctrines may differ somewhat.