Immediately following this, Edward focused on the destruction of those who had betrayed him, while the barons themselves lost impetus ( with Gaveston dead, they saw little need to continue ).

Several contemporary sources criticised Edward's seeming infatuation with Piers Gaveston, to the extent that he ignored and humiliated his wife.

Edward I was reportedly concerned with his son's failure to live up to the expectations of an heir to the crown, and at one point decided to exile the prince's favourite Piers Gaveston.

Her new husband was notorious for the patronage he lavished on his favourite, Piers Gaveston, but the queen supported Edward during these early years, forming a working relationship with Piers and using her relationship with the French monarchy to bolster her own authority and power.

Using her own supporters at court, and the patronage of her French family, Isabella attempted to find a political path through these challenges ; she successfully formed an alliance with Gaveston, but after his death at the hands of the barons her position grew increasingly precarious.

Isabella was able to come to an understanding with her husband's first lover Piers Gaveston, shown here lying dead at the feet of Guy de Beauchamp, 10th Earl of Warwick | Guy de Beauchamp, in a 15th-century representation.

When Isabella first arrived in England following her marriage, her husband was already in the midst of a relationship with Piers Gaveston, an " arrogant, ostentatious " soldier, with a " reckless and headstrong " personality that clearly appealed to Edward.

Edward chose to sit with Gaveston rather than Isabella at their wedding celebration, causing grave offence to her uncles Louis, Count of Évreux, and Charles, Count of Valois, and then refused to grant her either her own lands or her own household.

Isabella's relationship with Gaveston was a complex one.

The Despensers were opposed to both the Lancastrians and their other allies in the Welsh Marches, making an easy alliance with Edward, who sought revenge for the death of Gaveston.

Whilst Isabella had been able to work with Gaveston, Edward's previous favourite, it became increasingly clear that Hugh the younger and Isabella could not work out a similar compromise.

It was now two years since an English army had come to Scotland, and King Edward II of England had recently been on the verge of war with his barons after the murder of Piers Gaveston in the summer of 1312.

He was appointed guardian of Scotland in 1306, but with the accession of Edward II to the throne and the consequent rise of Piers Gaveston to power, his influence declined.

Edward managed to negotiate a deal with the opposition, however, and Gaveston returned the next year.

Though Guisborough cannot necessarily be trusted on the details of the events, the story reflects the general exasperation the king felt with the prince's favouritism towards Gaveston, and the lavish gifts bestowed on the favourite.

Edward entrusted the magnates with the care of his son, and instructed them particularly to prevent the return of Piers Gaveston from exile.

Initial from the charter granting Gaveston the Earl of Cornwall | earldom of Cornwall, showing the Coat of arms of England | arms of England at top, and Gaveston's coat of arms Impalement ( heraldry ) | impaled with those of de Clare below.

Even though the new king was initially met with goodwill from his subjects, it was not long before certain members of the nobility became disaffected with Gaveston and the special relationship he enjoyed with Edward.

On 5 August 1309, Gaveston was reinstated with the earldom of Cornwall.

Gaveston also began to exploit his relationship with the king more ostentatiously, obtaining favours and appointments for his friends and servants.

The Scots had found a new leader in William Wallace, and Edward's yearly expeditions across the Border called for evermounting taxes, which only increased his difficulties with the barons and the clergy.

In the third verse ( see above ), the author scolds the materialistic and self-serving robber barons of her day, and urges America to live up to its noble ideals and to honor, with both word and deed, the memory of those who died for their country.

As the Neapolitans had called for the French, Alfonso decided to intervene and, with the support of several barons of the kingdom, captured Capua and besieged the important sea fortress of Gaeta.

This was because in 1448, while Skanderbeg was victoriously fighting off the Turkish invasions, three military columns, commanded by Demetrio Reres along with his sons Giorgio and Basilio, were dispatched to help Alfonso V defeat the barons of Naples who had rebelled against him.

Leveraging the Supreme Court's establishment of Congressional supremacy over commerce, the Interstate Commerce Commission was established in 1887 with the intent of regulating railroad " robber barons ".

It led to a great political struggle with many barons rising against Henry in open rebellion.

There are 39 names ( eight earls and thirty one barons ) at the start of the document, all of whom may have had their seals appended, probably over the space of some weeks and months, with nobles sending in their seals to be used.

Still without a son and in danger of being left with no male heir, facing substantial opposition to Eleanor from many of his barons and her own desire for divorce, Louis had no choice but to bow to the inevitable.

Louis VI of France and most of the barons of France attended this council along with more than four hundred bishops and abbots.

Henry had been the recipient of great pressure from many of his barons in Germany over his conflict with the pope.

Over the course of his reign a combination of higher taxes, unsuccessful wars and conflict with the Pope had made King John unpopular with his barons, and in 1215 some of the most important decided to rebel against him.

Scotland advanced markedly in educational terms during the fifteenth century with the founding of the University of St Andrews in 1413, the University of Glasgow in 1450 and the University of Aberdeen in 1495, and with the passing of the Education Act 1496, which decreed that all sons of barons and freeholders of substance should attend grammar schools.

At that point several of the lesser nobility and some barons, signatories of the 1415 protest letter, removed Romanist priests from their parishes, replacing them with priests willing to give communion in both wine and bread.

When he returned to England, John faced a rebellion by many of his barons, who were unhappy with his fiscal policies and his treatment of many of England's most powerful nobles.

Although both John and the barons agreed to the Magna Carta peace treaty in 1215, neither side complied with its conditions.

Civil war broke out shortly afterwards, with the barons aided by Louis of France.

Despite his claim to unique authority within England, John would sometimes justify his actions on the basis that he had taken council with the barons.

Nonetheless, these changes were popular with many free tenants, who acquired a more reliable legal system that could bypass the barons, against whom such cases were often brought.

John's reforms were less popular with the barons themselves, especially as they remained subject to arbitrary and frequently vindictive royal justice.

John was deeply suspicious of the barons, particularly those with sufficient power and wealth to potentially challenge the king.

John's suspicions and jealousies meant that he rarely enjoyed good relationships with even the leading loyalist barons.

The king was supported by a team of leading barons with military expertise, including William Longespée, William the Marshal, Roger de Lacy and, until he fell from favour, the marcher lord William de Braose.

John instructed Langton to organise peace talks with the rebel barons.