Although a recognition of sainthood by the Pope does not directly concern a fact of divine revelation, it must still be " definitively held " by the faithful as infallible under ( at the very least ) the Universal Magisterium of the Church since it is a truth connected to revelation by historical necessity.

The Council entrusted to the Pope the implementation of its work ; as a result, Pope Pius IV issued the Tridentine Creed in 1565 ; and Pope Pius V issued in 1566 the Roman Catechism, in 1568 a revised Roman Breviary, and in 1570 a revised Roman Missal, thus standardizing what since the 20th century has been called the Tridentine Mass ( from the city's Latin name Tridentum ), and Pope Clement VIII issued in 1592 a revised edition of the Vulgate.

Under Pope Clement VII ( 1523 – 34 ), troops of the Catholic Holy Roman Emperor Charles V sacked Papal Rome in 1527, “ raping, killing, burning, stealing, the like had not been seen since the Vandals ”.

The founder, having heard that it was probable that Pope Gregory X, then holding a council at Lyon, would suppress all such new orders as had been founded since the Lateran Council, having commanded that such institutions should not be further multiplied, went to Lyon.

The appellation of “ Pope ” has been attributed to the Bishop of Alexandria since the Episcopate of Heraclas, the 13th Bishop of Alexandria.

This decree, however, is not considered valid by the Magisterium of the Catholic Church, since it was never approved by Pope Gregory XII or his successors, and was passed by the Council in a session before his confirmation.

Former Pope Gregory XII was then created titular Cardinal Bishop of Porto and Santa Ruffina by the Council, with rank immediately below the Pope ( which made him the highest-ranking person in the Church, since, due to his abdication, the See of Peter was vacant ).

By the time the anti-popes were all deposed and the new Pope, Martin V, was elected, two years had passed since Gregory XII's abdication, and Gregory was already dead.

* 1965 – Pope Paul VI and Patriarch Athenagoras simultaneously revoke mutual excommunications that had been in place since 1054.

One of the decisions made by the First Council of Constantinople ( the second ecumenical council, meeting in 381 ) and supported by later such councils was that the Patriarch of Constantinople should be given equal honor to the Pope of Rome since Constantinople was considered to be the " New Rome ".

Although the belief was widely held since at least Late Antiquity, the doctrine was not formally proclaimed until December 8, 1854, by Pope Pius IX in his papal bull Ineffabilis Deus.

In 1882 Pope Leo XIII had a Mass and an Office composed for his feast day, which he set at 14 April, the day after the day indicated as that of his death in the Martyrology of Florus ; but since this date quite often falls within the main Paschal celebrations, the feast was moved in 1968 to 1 June, the date on which he has been celebrated in the Byzantine Rite since at least the 9th century.

At least since the days of Alexander Pope and Samuel Johnson, analysis of the play has centred on the question of Macbeth's ambition, commonly seen as so dominant a trait that it defines the character.

* 1999 – Pope John Paul II travels to Romania becoming the first pope to visit a predominantly Eastern Orthodox country since the Great Schism in 1054.

A traditionalist Catholic belief claims the existence of a Papal Oath sworn, at their coronation, by all popes from Pope Agatho to Pope Paul VI, but which since the abolition of the coronation ceremony is no longer used.

This title " Vicar of Christ " is thus not used of the Pope alone and has been used of all bishops since the early centuries.

This name, based on the black colour of his cassock, was used to suggest a parallel between him and the " White Pope " ( since the time of Pope Pius V the Popes dresses in white ) and the Cardinal Prefect of the Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples ( formerly called the Sacred Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith ), whose red cardinal's cassock gave him the name of the " Red Pope " in view of the authority over all territories that were not considered in some way Catholic.

Despite the absence of a Benedictine order, since most monasteries founded during the Middle Ages adopted the Rule of St Benedict, it became the standard for Western Monasticism.

This form of the Mass remained essentially unchanged for 400 years until Pope Paul VI's revision of the Roman Missal in 1969 – 70, after which it has become widely known as the Tridentine Mass ; use of the last pre-1969 edition of the Missal, that by Pope John XXIII in 1962, is permitted without limitation for private celebration of the Mass and, since July 2007, is allowed also, under certain conditions, for public use, as laid down in the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum of Pope Benedict XVI.

In the Western scholarly community, these languages are no longer classified under the Sino-Tibetan tree, with the similarities attributed to borrowings and areal features, especially since Benedict ( 1972 ).

Sedevacantists believe that Paul VI ( 1963 – 1978 ), John Paul I ( 1978 ), John Paul II ( 1978 – 2005 ) and Benedict XVI ( since 2005 ) have been neither true Catholics nor true Popes, by virtue of allegedly having espoused the heresy of Modernism, or of having otherwise denied or contradicted solemnly defined Catholic dogmas.

) Consequently, they regard Catholic priests ordained or consecrated as bishops since 1968, when the new rite came into use, as invalid, and they consider Pope Benedict XVI, who was consecrated a bishop in 1977 in the new rite, to be a mere priest, who cannot be the Bishop of Rome.

* February 14 – Pope Benedict VIII recognizes and crowns Henry of Bavaria ( who has ruled since 1003 ) as King of Germany.

However, it is also possible that this position has not yet been completely overturned, since it was re-asserted in December 2009 by Pope Benedict XVI in Rome, who accused the mass media of producing " poison " that makes people less sensitive to violence.

Canonized by Pope Benedict XVI on 23 October 2005 St. Gaetano is the first saint from Calabria since Saint Francis of Paola ( canonized in 1507 ).

After World War I, Pope Benedict XV and later Pope Pius XI worked to create a new site for the university that would be better suited to its needs, since it was still operating out of the Palazzo Borromeo.

Traditionalists ' claims that substantive changes have taken place in Catholic teaching and practice since the Council often crystallise around the following specific alleged examples, in which others see not what Pope Benedict XVI called " discontinuity and rupture ", but what he called " renewal in the continuity of the one subject-Church which the Lord has given to us ":

On Tuesday, February 22, 2011, Vatican Information Service ( VIS ) and Catholic News Service ( CNS ), announced that Pope Benedict XVI had named the 53-year-old Bishop Gerald Cyprien Lacroix, until then an Auxiliary Bishop ( assistant bishop ) of Quebec ( since 2009 ), as the new Metropolitan Archbishop of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Quebec and Primate of Canada.

Two recent deans have chosen to retire before dying, while eight were elected Pope, Anastasius IV, Lucius III, Gregory IX, Alexander IV Alexander VI, Paul III, Paul IV and most recently Benedict XVI ( Joseph Ratzinger, elected Pope in 2005, the first Dean to be so elevated since Pope Paul IV in 1555 ).

By the 1932 election, party chairman David Leigh Colvin thundered that " The Republican wet plank supporting the repeal of Prohibition means that Mr. Hoover is the most conspicuous turncoat since Benedict Arnold.

Because Benedict was the oldest man elected to the Papacy since Pope Clement XII ( 1730 – 40 ), speculation began almost as soon as he was elected Pope on who would succeed him.

Previously, Gómez served as Coadjutor Archbishop of Los Angeles since his appointment by Pope Benedict XVI on April 6, 2010.

A Church has stood on this site since the year 1111, dedicated to St Benedict.

William I was crowned by the Archbishop of York, since the Archbishop of Canterbury had been appointed by the Antipope Benedict X, and this appointment was not recognised as valid by the Pope.

Founded on 16 March 1976, by Brother Benedict Kirby, O. Ss. S., it is the only Brigittine monastery of men in the world and the first since the nineteenth century when they were dispersed, largely due to the European wars.

Their observance in the Latin Church subsequently declined, but the observance has revived somewhat since 1988 ( when Pope John Paul II issued his decree Ecclesia Dei Adflicta ) and especially since 2007 ( when Pope Benedict XVI issued his motu proprio called Summorum Pontificum ) when the use of older rites was encouraged.

Joseph Benedict " Joe " Hockey ( born 2 August 1965 ), is an Australian politician and member of the Australian House of Representatives, representing the Division of North Sydney for the Liberal Party of Australia since 1996.

Considered a rare privilege for a foreign leader, only Charles de Gaulle, Ronald Reagan, Nelson Mandela, Pope Benedict XVI and Nicolas Sarkozy had done so since the Second World War.

Bawden believes that the five Popes since the death of Pope Pius XII October 8 1958, including Pope Benedict XVI, are modernists, heretics, and apostates, and that, therefore, their elections are invalid.

On Friday, June 10, 2011, Pope Benedict XVI, erected a new Chaldean Catholic eparchy in Toronto, Canada and named Archbishop Mar Yohannan Zora, who has worked alongside four priests with Catholics in Toronto ( the largest community of Chaldeans ) for nearly 20 years and who was previously an ad personam Archbishop ( he will retain this rank as head of the eparchy ) and the Archbishop of the Archdiocese ( Archeparchy ) of Ahwaz, Iran ( since 1974 ).

Use of this 1960 calendar, which is included in the 1962 edition of the Roman Missal, continues to be authorized under the conditions indicated in the motu proprio Summorum Pontificum ; but the feast has been removed from the General Roman Calendar since 1969.

An important effect of the issue of a document in this way is that a rescript containing the clause " motu proprio " is valid and produces its effect even in cases where fraud would ordinarily have vitiated the document, since the Pope does not rely on the reasons alleged when he grants a favour.

On 28 November 1846, a grand-ducal motu proprio founded a Tuscan Scuola Normale in Pisa ( also referred to as the Imperial Royal Scuola Normale, since it was linked to the Austrian system ), with both theoretical and practical aims, under the patronage of the Order of Saint Stephen, but depending on the University of Pisa.

The reform of the liturgical calendar by the motu proprio Mysterii Paschalis of 14 February 1969 removed the feast " since the imposition of the name of Jesus is already commemorated in the office of the Octave of Christmas.

In response to the motu proprio, Summorum Pontificum of Pope Benedict, Cardinal Tettamanzi controversially stated that the document did not apply to the northern Italian archdiocese since it uses the Ambrosian Rite rather than the Roman one