The Reformation spread to other parts of the Swiss Confederation, but several cantons resisted, preferring to remain Catholic.

Additionally, the Statutes of Iona were promulgated in 1609 to force an end to the Clan warfare between the MacLeods of Dunvegan and the MacDonalds of Eigg and Sleat as well as to create a more receptive path for Reformation and Protestantism by forcing the Chiefs of the Clans to encourage its spread and to finance the provisioning of Protestant minsters in their lands.

The invention of the printing press in the 15th century played a major role in the rapid spread of the Protestant Reformation under leaders such as Martin Luther and John Calvin.

It played a key role in the development of the Renaissance, Reformation, the Age of Enlightenment and the Scientific Revolution and laid the material basis for the modern knowledge-based economy and the spread of learning to the masses.

The Reformation spread peacefully throughout the country ( giving rise to the Polish Brethren ), while living conditions improved, cities grew, and exports of agricultural products enriched the population, especially the nobility ( szlachta ) who gained dominance in the new political system of Golden Liberty.

In the 16th century, the Protestant Reformation spread throughout the Slovene Lands.

While in Turku he met Martin Luther's first Finnish student Petrus Särkilahti, who eagerly spread the idea of the Reformation.

In 1721, Lutheran minister Hans Egede and his Bergen Greenland Company received a royal charter from King Frederick IV granting them broad authority over Greenland and commissioning them to seek out the old Norse colony and spread the Reformation among its inhabitants, who were presumed to still be Catholic or to have reverted to paganism.

The availability of the Bible in local ( vernacular ) languages was important to the spread of the Protestant movement and the development of the Reformed church in France, and the country had a long history of struggles with the papacy by the time the Protestant Reformation finally arrived.

The event of the Protestant Reformation and the politics that ensued has been cited as the origins of German identity that arose in response to the spread of a common German language and literature.

Healing the sick and exorcising the evil spirit, they traversed different countries and spread their apocryphal literature along with some of the books of the Old Testament, deeply influencing the religious spirit of the nations, and preparing them for the Reformation.

Ever increasing literacy, spread in large part by the Protestant Reformation and its pressure to read and study the Bible in English, was well spread in England and even broader in Scotland.

The university was closed by the Church in 1531 to stop the spread of Protestantism, and re-established in 1537 by Christian III after the Lutheran Reformation and transformed into an evangelical-Lutheran seminary.

As the Reformation spread through the Swiss Confederation, the five central, catholic cantons felt increasingly isolated and they began to search for allies.

Cardinal Albert of Brandenburg ( 1513 – 45 ), on account of his insecure position, as well as being crippled by a perpetual lack of funds, gave some occasion for the spread of Lutheranism in his diocese, although himself opposing the Protestant Reformation.

With the adoption of large-scale printing after the end of the era of incunabula ( or books printed prior to 1501 ), Italian Humanism spread northward to France, Germany, Holland and England, where it became associated with the Protestant Reformation.

The Order spread widely in Sweden and Norway, and played a remarkable part in promoting culture and literature in Scandinavia ; to this is to be attributed the fact that the motherhouse at Vadstena, by Lake Vättern, was not suppressed till 1595 even though the Protestant Reformation had been widespread in Scandinavia.

The story spread, and the claims were republished as late as October 1955 in the Reformation Review and in the Monthly Record of the Free Church of Scotland in February 1957.

The prominent position in Switzerland which the abbey occupied for so many centuries was seriously threatened by the religious and political disturbances of the Reformation period, especially by the rapid spread of the teachings of Zwingli, and for a time its privileges suffered some curtailment.

In the sixteenth century the religious disturbances caused by the spread of the Protestant Reformation in Switzerland were a source of trouble for some time.

Furthermore, the Bible became widely available in translation, a factor often attributed to the spread of the Protestant Reformation.

As the Reformation began to spread and gain ground, new actions were being taken to purge Catholic influence and on April 11, 1525, Jud appeared before the Zurich magistrates with Zwingli, Kaspar Megander, Oswald Myconius and others, petitioning for abolition of the mass.

However, it wasn't until 1554 that the full Reformation spread from Bern to Grandson.

The Reformation had a huge effect on Christian art, rapidly bringing the production of public Christian art to a virtual halt in Protestant countries, and causing the destruction of most of the art that already existed.

The Reformation had a huge effect on Christian art, rapidly bringing the production of public Christian art to a virtual halt in Protestant countries, and causing the destruction of most of the art that already existed.

For various reasons Alexander permitted the return of the Jews in 1503, and during the period immediately preceding the Reformation the number of Jews in Poland grew rapidly on account of the anti-Jewish agitation in Germany.

It has been contended by Heinrich Graetz, and also by Francis Yates that this affair helped spark the Protestant Reformation.

Philipp Melanchthon ( 1497 – 1560 ), the prime mover in building the German school system and a chief figure in the Protestant Reformation, helped establish its direction.

After his death, stories called him the Ecstatic Doctor or Divine Doctor, and his views formed a link between the Friends of God and the Brethren of the Common Life, the ideas which may have helped to bring about the Reformation.

While this had helped avoid major religious wars during and following the Reformation, feuds between leading clans ( e. g. between the von Planta and the von Salis ) were common.

May heartily supported the Reformation, signed the Ten Articles in 1536, and helped in the production of The Institution of a Christian Man.

His work in the field of Gregorian chant resulted in influential editions of liturgical music ( including an edition of Missa cunctipotens genitor Deus, which most French organ composers used as a model for their mass settings ) and helped the Catholic Counter Reformation.

McClintock and Strong's Cyclopedia describes Gansfort as " the most important among men of German extraction who helped prepare the way for the Reformation.

The fall of Rome, the discovery of precious metals, and the Protestant Reformation were all links and could only be explained and understood by comprehending the links that preceded and those that followed.

Arianism is defined as those teachings attributed to Arius which are in opposition to mainstream Trinitarian Christological doctrine, as determined by the first two Ecumenical Councils and currently maintained by the Roman Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Churches, the Oriental Orthodox Churches, and most Reformation Protestant Churches.

At the Anabaptist Council of Venice 1550, the early Italian instigators of the Radical Reformation committed to the views of Miguel Servet ( d. 1553 ), and these were promulgated by Giorgio Biandrata and others into Poland and Transylvania.

Classical Arminianism ( sometimes titled Reformed Arminianism or Reformation Arminianism ) is the theological system that was presented by Jacobus Arminius and maintained by some of the Remonstrants ; its influence serves as the foundation for all Arminian systems.

Since the English Reformation, the Church of England has been more explicitly a state church and the choice is legally that of the British crown ; today it is made in the name of the Sovereign by the Prime Minister, from a shortlist of two selected by an ad hoc committee called the Crown Nominations Commission.

* Archbishop's Palace, Maidstone: constructed in the 1390s, the palace was seized by the Crown at the time of the Reformation.

The popularity and success of the Baroque style was encouraged by the Roman Catholic Church, which had decided at the time of the Council of Trent, in response to the Protestant Reformation, that the arts should communicate religious themes in direct and emotional involvement.

In the English Reformation, all monasteries were dissolved and their lands confiscated by the Crown, forcing their Catholic members to flee into exile on the Continent, although during the 19th century they were able to return to England, including to Selby Abbey in Yorkshire, one of the few great monastic churches to survive the Dissolution.

The Reformation theologian Calvin argued, Nahum painted God by which his nature must be seen, and " it is from that most memorable vision, when God appeared to Moses after the breaking of the tables.

From the time of the Protestant Reformation onward, it has been understood that there is no commonality between the Bible way, which is justification by faith in the shed blood of Jesus Christ, and salvation by works, which the faithful, practicing Catholic embraces.

Since the donation of the Abbey Moutier-Grandvalto and all its possessions to Bishop Adalbero II in 999 till the Reformation, Basel was ruled by prince-bishops ( see Bishop of Basel, whose memory is preserved in the crosier shown on the Basel coat-of-arms – see above ).

However, beginning sometime after the Reformation, being born again has been predominantly understood by some Protestants ( of the " anabaptist " branch ) to be an experience of conversion symbolized by water baptism, and rooted in a commitment to one's own personal faith in Jesus Christ for salvation.

Cranmer was punished for his work in the English Reformation by being burned at the stake on 21 March 1556.

The oldest Protestant groups separated from the Catholic Church in the 16th century Protestant Reformation, followed in many cases by further divisions.

Steps towards reconciliation on a global level were taken in 1965 by the Roman Catholic and Orthodox churches mutually revoking the excommunications that marked their Great Schism in 1054 ; the Anglican Roman Catholic International Commission ( ARCIC ) working towards full communion between those churches since 1970 ; and the Lutheran and Roman Catholic churches signing The Joint Declaration on the Doctrine of Justification in 1999 to address conflicts at the root of the Protestant Reformation.

Europe had been plagued by sectarian conflicts and religious wars since the beginning of the Reformation.

" Ponet's treatise comes first in a new wave of anti-monarchical writings … It has never been assessed at its true importance, for it antedates by several years those more brilliantly expressed but less radical Huguenot writings which have usually been taken to represent the Tyrannicide-theories of the Reformation ".

The first extant Estonian book is a bilingual German-Estonian translation of the Lutheran catechism by S. Wanradt and J. Koell dating to 1535, during the Protestant Reformation period.

A legacy of the Reformation in Scotland was the aim of having a school in every parish, which was underlined by an act of the Scottish parliament in 1696 ( reinforced in 1801 ).