By August 1844 they returned to Washington, over a year after their departure.

By 1844, the Whigs began their recovery by nominating Henry Clay, who lost to Democrat James K. Polk in a closely contested race, with Polk's policy of western expansion ( particularly the annexation of Texas ) and free trade triumphing over Clay's protectionism and caution over the Texas question.

By 1844 the defects of the new method became so apparent to Boston schoolmasters that they issued an attack against it urging a return to an intensive, systematic phonics.

By 1844, Castries had a population of 4, 000.

By 1844, Mission San Rafael Arcángel had been abandoned ; what was left of the empty buildings was sold for $ 8, 000 in 1846.

By May 1844, a seventh edition had sold out.

By the close of February 1844, eight rival Carol theatrical productions were playing in London.

By 1846, Governor Brown ( 1844 ‑ 48 ), succeeded in establishing the Act.

By 1844 it had been renamed to Rensselaer after James Van Rensselaer, a merchant from Utica, New York, who came to the area after his business failed in the Panic of 1837.

By 1844, Red Bank had become a commercial and manufacturing center, focused on textiles, tanning, furs, and other goods for sale in Manhattan.

By the year 1844, Branchville was a well established community with 32 dwellings, mills, blacksmiths, an academy, a church and a variety of other factories and businesses.

By 1843 Richard Hoe developed the rotary press, and in 1844 Samuel Morse sent the first public telegraph message.

By the time he died in 1844, 77, 000 copies of his fables had been sold in Russia, and his unique brand of wisdom and humor gained popularity.

By the end of 1844, half of those in Van Diemen's Land had been granted pardons, nearly all were pardoned by 1848, but five remained in penal servitude until at least 1850.

" By the time he turned 65, on September 18, 1844, he earned $ 10, 000 a year from his book royalties.

By 1844, the Brook Farmers adopted a societal model based on the socialist concepts of Charles Fourier and began publishing The Harbinger as an unofficial journal promoting Fourierism.

By 1844, he was debating for Presidential candidate James K. Polk.

By 1844, Gamlingay had five inns, including the Cock ( dating from at least 1588 ), the Rose & Crown ( 1622 ) and the Blue Ball ( 1770s ).

By April, 1844 he had alienated practically every colonist.

By September, 1844 he reached Dolon Nor and made arrangements for his journey.

By May 1844, Poe reported that it had circulated 300, 000 copies, though he was likely not paid for these reprints.

By 1843, the company was also making the newly invented baking powder and, by 1844, was promoting custard powder nationally.

By the end of 1843 3, 824 Indians had been shipped from Florida to what became the Indian Territory, but in 1844 there were only 3, 136 left.

By the time of his death on June 27, 1844 more than 50 persons had been admitted into the Anointed Quorum, the name by which this group called themselves.

By the early 1910s, Jefferson began traveling frequently to Dallas, where he met and played with fellow blues musician Lead Belly.

By chance, Sally Hemings, a younger sister of James, was chosen ; she lived in the Jefferson household in Paris for about two years.

By 1792-94 newspapers started calling Hamilton supporters " Federalists " and their opponents " Democrats ", " Republicans ", " Jeffersonians " ( people who supported Thomas Jefferson, the 3rd president ), or " Democratic-Republicans ".

By 1792, a party division had emerged between Federalists led by Treasury Secretary Alexander Hamilton, who desired a stronger federal government with a leading role in the economy, and the Democratic-Republicans led by Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson and Representative James Madison of Virginia, who favored states ' rights and opposed Hamilton's economic program.

By a misadventure, all of the Republican electors cast their votes for both Jefferson and Burr, giving them each 73 votes.

By March, an increasingly frustrated Jefferson was resolved to enforce the embargo to the letter.

By the mid-1990s, Jefferson Parish was exhibiting some of the symptoms presented by inner-ring suburbs throughout the United States.

By the 1850s, John Jefferson in his 20s was proprietor of the American Hotel in Madison.

By 1973, with Kaukonen and Casady now devoting their full attention to Hot Tuna, the musicians on Baron von Tollbooth & the Chrome Nun formed the core of a new lineup that was formally reborn as " Jefferson Starship " in 1974.

By this time Freiberg had become a member of Jefferson Starship -- he had worked with Paul Kantner and Grace Slick to form a trio on the album Baron Von Tollbooth and the Chrome Nun, leading to full-time membership in the dying days of Jefferson Airplane as the band evolved into Jefferson Starship.

By many accounts, Breckinridge was an important adviser to Jefferson, and he sponsored Jefferson's Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.

By way of these thinkers, Pufendorf was introduced to and utilized by American Founders such as Hamilton, Madison, and Jefferson as they formulated the political thought of the new Republic.

In his preface to the 1817 publication, Jefferson wrote, " By diffusing sound principles of Political Economy, it will protect the public industry from the parasite institutions now consuming it.

By 1958, the PAC expanded east to include Allegheny College ( 1958-1984 ), Bethany College ( 1958-present ), Thiel College ( 1958-present ) and Washington & Jefferson College ( 1958-present ).

By the end of the review he was angry with Thomas Jefferson for supporting General James Wilkinson, Burr's chief accuser.

By the end of the war, he was insisting along with most others that Jefferson Davis be hanged as a traitor.

By 1869 the $ 2 United States Note was redesigned with the now familiar portrait of Thomas Jefferson to the left and a vignette of the United States Capitol in the center of the obverse.

By the end of his second term, Jefferson and Secretary of the Treasury Albert Gallatin had reduced the national debt to less than $ 560 million.

By 1864, Lubbock was promoted to aide-de-camp for Jefferson Davis.

By this time, detestation of Thomas Jefferson, his one-time decentralist ally, led Martin to embrace the Federalist Party, in apparent repudiation of everything he had argued for so strenuously.

By the end of the 19th century, the holdings from the APS, including the Thomas Jefferson Fossil Collection, had been transferred to the Academy for safekeeping.

By the time Jefferson assumed office, the United States Navy had been developed to the point where it might adequately defend American shipping interests.