By changing Bovril to a non-meat base, Unilever hoped to increase sales there, where people enjoy Bovril stirred into porridge.

By inserting separate, successive sections of V. cholerae DNA into the DNA of other bacteria, such as E. coli that would not naturally produce the protein toxins, researchers have investigated the mechanisms by which V. cholerae responds to the changing chemical environments of the stomach, mucous layers, and intestinal wall.

By the early 1860s, the relationship between the imperial court and the Shogunate was changing radically.

By 1960, having been influenced more by jazz music than blues, Brown began incorporating jazz styled arrangements in his music, with Brown naming the Famous Flames hits " I'll Go Crazy " and " Think " as examples of his changing style away from more traditional forms of R & B and rock ' n ' roll.

By changing the order in which the stitches are knit, the wales can be made to cross.

By re-assessing and changing the light sources used, it is often possible to reduce energy use and pollutive effects while simultaneously greatly improving efficiency and visibility.

By changing the settings on the scanner, this effect is used to create contrast between different types of body tissue or between other properties, as in fMRI and diffusion MRI.

By changing the balance it is possible to influence the anisotropy of the etching, since the chemical part is isotropic and the physical part highly anisotropic the combination can form sidewalls that have shapes from rounded to vertical.

By contrast, natural languages have changing meanings given by their users in different communities.

By changing cylinders to reload ( an early example of a speedloader ), the gun was fired and reloaded to fire a total of 63 rounds in seven minutes.

By the 1920s psychoanalysts assumed that homosexuality was pathological and that attempts to treat it were appropriate, although psychoanalytic opinion about changing homosexuality was largely pessimistic.

By changing the title, Austen added " philosophical depth " to what began as a sketch of two characters.

By changing the rigging, rudder, and sometimes the keel or centre board, a sailor manages the force of the wind on the sails in order to move the vessel relative to its surrounding medium ( typically water, but also land and ice ) and change its direction and speed.

By changing the shape of the mouth, the frequency response of the filter is changed, so removing ( subtracting ) some of the harmonics.

By gradually changing from “ oooh ” to “ aaah ” and back again, a spectral glide is created, emulating the ‘ sweeping filter ’ effect that is the basis of the ‘ wah-wah ’ guitar effect.

By contrast, a lateral force on a beam produces a moment ( called a bending moment ), but since the angular momentum of the beam is not changing, this bending moment is not called a torque.

By changing the synchronization between the uplink and downlink at the base station, however, this limitation can be overcome.

By the mid 1940s, jazz artists were changing their approach.

By changing variables in the simulation, predictions may be made about the behaviour of the system.

By 1763 tastes were changing.

By regularly changing the planting location, the pest cycles can be broken or limited.

By changing its sweep angle in this way, drag can be reduced at high speed ( with the wing swept ) without sacrificing low speed performance ( with the wing perpendicular ).

By guaranteeing only one bit can be changing, Gray codes guarantee that the only possible sampled values are the new or old multi-bit value.

By convincing banks to lend again, as well as changing and standardizing mortgage instruments and procedures, home ownership has increased from 40 % in the 1930s to nearly 70 % in 2001.

By using instruments of gradually increasing size, the vagina is gently, and with minimum pain at each stage, taught to yield to an object of the appropriate shape.

By such touches the pattern takes shape.

By the same time, the Croatian Adriatic coast had taken shape as an internationally popular tourist destination, all coastal republics ( but mostly SR Croatia ) profited greatly from this, as tourist numbers reached levels still unsurpassed in modern Croatia.

By March 1963 however, after the visit of Colonel Michael Greene of the United States Army, and the resulting ' Greene Plan ,' the pattern of bilaterally agreed military assistance to various Congolese military components, instead of a single unified effort, was already taking shape.

By this time, equids were more truly horse-like, having developed the typical body shape of the modern animals.

By pumping with a " spike " shape, the expected action is the fastest possible bolus for that type of insulin.

By pumping with a " square wave " shape, the bolus avoids a high initial dose of insulin that may enter the blood and cause low blood sugar before digestion can facilitate sugar entering the blood.

By the time that it was ready to film, Moon was in poor physical shape and unable to participate.

By comparing the different natural languages, scholars hope to learn something about the nature of human intelligence and the innate biases and constraints that shape natural language, which are sometimes called universal grammar.

By virtue of self-control God allows humans to shape and morph their lives on their own accord.

By 1982, however, Peckinpah's health was in poor shape.

By following the drawing instructions, the computer creates an " outline " shape at a specific size, and then " fills " it with ink.

By 1938, the Stadium had assumed the " classic " shape that it would retain for the next 35 years.

" By the time the trio finished their walk, the poem had taken shape.

By extension, the term ' waveform ' also describes the shape of the graph of any varying quantity against time.

By inclining the axes of the two spheres with respect to each other, and rotating them in opposite directions but with equal periods, Eudoxus could make a point on the inner sphere trace out a figure-eight shape, or hippopede.

By altering the shape of the histones around it, these modified histones would ensure that a differentiated cell would stay differentiated, and not convert back into being a stem cell.

By leaving most of the cells open only at the leading edge, incoming air keeps the wing inflated, thus maintaining its shape.

By 1700, grenadiers in the English and other armies had adopted a cap in the shape of a bishop's mitre, usually decorated with the regimental insignia in embroidered cloth.

By co-incidence, the curved shape suggests the outline of the bow of a ship.

By 1880, the town was already starting to take its current shape.

By July 22, the St. Louis Commune began to take shape, as representatives from almost all the railroad lines met in East St. Louis.

By choosing a, b, c, d in A appropriately, A can represent a variety of transformations such as rotations, scaling and reflections, shears, of a geometric shape in space.