By law, Augustus held a collection of powers granted to him for life by the Senate, including supreme military command, and those of tribune and censor.

By 1760, the Maratha groups had coalesced into a big enough army under the command of Sadashivrao Bhau.

By the time Gorbachev ushered in the process that would lead to the dismantling of the Soviet administrative command economy through his programs of glasnost ( political openness ), uskoreniye ( speed-up of economic development ) and perestroika ( political and economic restructuring ) announced in 1986, the Soviet economy suffered from both hidden inflation and pervasive supply shortages aggravated by an increasingly open black market that undermined the official economy.

By contrast, the Gemini capsule's avionics were designed so the cabin could be exposed to the vacuum of space when one of two large hatches was opened, so no airlock was required, and both the spacewalking astronaut and his companion command pilot were in vacuum during the EVA.

By 1866 he was " able to command ten to fifteen guineas for the reworking of a single Punch cartoon as a pencil sketch ", alongside his " comfortable " Punch salary " of about £ 800 a year ".

By 1761 Reynolds could command a fee of 80 guineas for a full-length portrait ; in 1764 he was paid 100 guineas for a portrait of Lord Burghersh.

By mid-afternoon, Stonewall Jackson ordered Stuart to command a turning movement with his cavalry against the Union right flank and rear, which if successful would be followed up by an infantry attack from the West Woods.

By 2007 the now-Russian force, now designated the Operational Group of Russian Forces in Moldova, under the command of the Moscow Military District had withered away to a strength of some 1500 which included the 8th Motor Rifle Brigade and a surface-to-air missile regiment.

By order of the Duke, Othello leaves Venice to command the Venetian armies against invading Turks on the island of Cyprus, accompanied by his new wife, his new lieutenant Cassio, his ensign Iago, and Emilia as Desdemona's attendant.

By the age of 17, he had an independent command.

By royal command, Lopez returned to Portugal about 1526 and then travelled to Rome, where Pope Clement VII granted him an audience.

By mid-April 1979, five guerrilla fronts opened under the joint command of the FSLN, including an internal front in the capital city Managua.

By 1887 during the next reign, King Chulalongkorn a permanent military command in the Kalahom Department was established.

By ancient law, no nobleman could command more than twenty-five men ( to prevent the possibility of sedition by private armies ), and while the position of Captain General was introduced in the mid-14th century, he still had to answer to a civilian panel of twenty Savi or " wise men ".

By the end of the year, Pouyade was released from command of the regiment and he, along with other veteran pilots, returned to France.

By taking command in person in Natal, Buller had allowed the overall direction of the war to drift.

By default, it reports matching lines on standard output, but specific modes of operation may be chosen with command line options.

The following movie, Star Trek Nemesis, begins with their wedding on board the Enterprise-E. By the end of the film, Riker finally accepts a promotion to Captain and an offer to command the USS Titan ; during the movie's final scenes he bids Picard, and the Enterprise, farewell.

By 1757 as the immediate danger to Britain had passed the troops were moved back to Hanover to join a growing army under the Duke of Cumberland and Amherst fought with the Hessians under Cumberland's command at the Battle of Hastenbeck in July 1757: the Allied defeat there forced the army into a steady retreat northwards to Stade on the North Sea coast.

By 09: 30, the regimental command post was set up just below the bluff crest, and the 1st and 2nd battalions of the 16th RCT were being sent inland as they reached the crest.

" By June 11 the effectiveness of the 352nd was regarded as " very slight ", and by June 14 the German corps command was reporting the 352nd as completely used up and needing to be removed from the line.

By the time he assumed command of the project, it was evident that the AA-3 priority rating that Marshall had obtained was insufficient.

Cleopatra ’ s “‘ Roman ’ language of command works to undermine Antony's authority .” By using a Romanesque rhetoric, Cleopatra commands Antony and others in Antony ’ s own style.

) By late summer, both Thomas Francis and Turenne were seriously ill and Du Plessis Praslin was in temporary command.

By the time Caligula's loyal Germanic guard responded, the emperor was already dead.

By the terms of the agreement, the election of bishops and abbots in Germany was to take place in the emperor's presence as judge between potentially disputing parties, free of bribes, thus retaining to the emperor a crucial role in choosing these great territorial magnates of the Empire.

By 1971 ELF activity had become enough of a threat that the emperor had declared martial law in Eritrea.

By the end of the 20th century, Japan was the only country with an emperor on the throne.

By June 68 the senate voted Galba the emperor and declared Nero a public enemy.

By the time of Constans II ( who also organized campaigns against the Slavs ), the significant number of the Slavs of Macedonia were captured and transferred to central Asia Minor where they were forced to recognize the authority of the Byzantine emperor and serve in its ranks.

By the time the Antipope Christopher ( 903 – 904 ) seized the chair of Saint Peter by force, circumstances had changed at Rome, with the rise of the magister militum Theophylact, Count of Tusculum, who had been stationed at Rome by the retreating emperor Louis the Blind in 902.

By recommendation of his " uncle ", Gaius Septimius Severus, he was granted entry into the senatorial ranks by emperor Marcus Aurelius.

By the imperial period the proper triumph was reserved for the emperor and his family.

By 1622 the Jesuits had a predominant influence over the emperor.

By the 16, 370th character, the emperor has been offended by several passages, and has Ru Taisu summoned to court and flogged for the perceived insult.

By 589 CE, Sui troops entered Jiankang ( Nanjing ) and the last emperor of the southern Chen dynasty surrendered.

By the time he became emperor, he had chronic gout and could hardly walk.

By the end of 69, the forces of Vitellius had been beaten, and Vespasian was officially declared emperor by the Senate on 21 December, thus ending the Year of the Four Emperors.

By 397 BC, Pharnabazus had persuaded the emperor Artaxerxes to prosecute the war by sea, and raised a fleet of 300 Phoenician and Cypriot ships.

By decree of the emperor Francis I of Austria in the year 1816 Monza officially became a city.

By 1702, Victor Amadeus was considering changing allegiance to the emperor again having entered secret correspondence with the emperor who promised him the Duchy of Montferrat.

By this time the emperor Justinian I was taking energetic measures to check the Goths.

By the Treaty of Noyon, signed on the 13 August 1516 between Francis I of France and emperor Charles V, France abandoned its claims to the Kingdom of Naples and received the Duchy of Milan in recompense.

By the time the emperor Lebna Dengel and the Portuguese had established diplomatic contact with each other in 1520, Prester John was the name by which Europeans knew the Emperor of Ethiopia.

By paying a large sum of money he induced the emperor Rudolph II in 1599 to free the duchy from the suzerainty of Austria.

* Uncrowned emperor: the life and times of Otto von Habsburg By Gordon Brook-Shepherd

By a decision of the Austrian emperor, in November 1849, a new province was formed as the political successor of the Serbian voivodeship.