By " open access " to this literature, we mean its free availability on the public internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from gaining access to the internet itself.

By 1989, the hip hop scene had evolved, gaining recognition and exhibiting a stronger influence on the music industry.

* April 17 – By Proclamation of the Queen of Canada on Parliament Hill, Canada patriates its constitution, gaining full political independence from the United Kingdom ; included is the country's first entrenched bill of rights.

By the late 19th century French plans to colonize Madagascar were gaining momentum, leading British mercenaries to provide training to the queen's army in an unsuccessful bid to repel the French troops.

By gaining control of the daily newspaper, Excelsior, he could be assured of editorials favorable to the arms industry.

By sharing seventh place with 11 / 20 at Gothenburg, Spassky qualified for the 1956 Candidates ' Tournament, held in Amsterdam, automatically gaining the grandmaster title, and was then the youngest to hold the title.

By gaining tropical characteristics, an extratropical low may transit into a subtropical depression or storm.

Col. Thomas C. Devin ’ s dismounted Union cavalry brigade attacked about 8: 00 a. m. By mid-afternoon, with Buford ’ s cavalrymen running low on ammunition and gaining little ground, Col. Lewis A. Grant ’ s First Vermont Brigade of infantry arrived and jabbed at the Confederate center less than one mile away.

By the late 1880s, some 300 people lived in the town, which was gaining fame for its fruit and berry canning industry.

By the sixth round, Frazier had staggered him in turn and seemed to be gaining control of the bout.

By him, therefore, comparative anatomy was employed, not in subservience to the classification of living forms, as by Cuvier, but as a means of gaining insight into the principle animating and producing these forms, by virtue of which he perceived that, however different in form and faculty, they were all allied to himself.

By expending experience points, a mage may improve their ability to cast specific spells by gaining rank in them.

By the early 1980s she was a major motion picture star, gaining international recognition for her role opposite Gérard Depardieu in La Femme d ' à côté ( The Woman Next Door ).

By late 1950s Xenakis slowly started gaining recognition in artistic circles.

By the end of the 1950s, however, there was a wave of popular black blues-rock and country-influenced R & B performers like Chuck Berry gaining unprecedented fame among white listeners.

By gaining a level, a character's abilities or stats will increase, making the character stronger and able to accomplish more difficult tasks, including safely battling stronger enemies, gaining access to more powerful abilities ( such as spells or combat techniques ), and to make, fix or disable more complex mechanical devices, or resolve increasingly difficult social challenges.

By gaining the confidence of Spain's ambassador to England, John Hawkins learned the details of the conspiracy and notified the government so to arrest the plotters.

By the early 18th century his oeuvre was gaining international recognition, and later in the century British collectors ventured to Spain in search of acquisitions.

By way of their English-accented fluent French frontman, France has become their first target market in Europe, which has led to them gaining a huge popularity there, even in excess of their British fan base.

By the age of 16, Hazel Scott regularly performed for radio programs for the Mutual Broadcasting System, gaining a reputation as the “ hot classicist .” In the mid-1930s, she also performed at the Roseland Dance Hall with the Count Basie Orchestra.

By the end of the 19th century a few western states had granted women full voting rights, though women had made significant legal victories, gaining rights in areas such as property and child custody.

By this measure of success, the adoption of a revenue-neutral Carbon tax at the British Columbia government level, general support for " Cap & Trade " greenhouse gas emission reduction programs, and, the promotion of the Green ( Tax ) Shift by the federal Liberal Party under former leader Stéphane Dion, indicate that Green Party policies are gaining traction in Canada.

By 1524, Alonso Manso, bishop of Puerto Rico, had become interested in gaining personal wealth, and he accused Barrionuevo, among others, of various crimes under the Spanish justice system of the time.

By 1985, however, the AWA began to lose audiences, as the WWF was gaining wrestling superiority in the wake of WrestleMania I ; Later in the year, as this struggle against the WWF progressed, Wally Karbo also sold all his stock to Gagne as well.

By accommodating the conquered people's gods, religion became more polytheistic and government became somewhat more secular ; the title of lugal, big man, appears alongside the earlier religious titles, although his primary duty is still the worship of the state gods.

By then, parties were well established as the country's dominant political organizations, and party allegiance had become an important part of most people's consciousness.

By the turn of the 20th century, with Civil War memories still present in the people's minds, St. Joseph numbered no more than 720 residents ( and Tensas Parish, 19, 070 ), most having been engaged in cotton growing and related river work.

By the mid-1950s, the people's fears were confirmed.

By all accounts, Gage appeared to be a fair administrator, respecting people's lives and property, although he had a healthy distrust of the landowning seigneurs and of the Roman Catholic clergy, who he viewed as intriguers for the French.

By 1958, Kim Il-sung had established himself as " the unrivaled ruler in North Korea " and thus started the language used to reference the people's devotion to Kim.

By the end of the 18th century, verbunkos was in use in opera, chamber and piano music, and in song literature, and was regarded as " the continuation, the resurrection of ancient Hungarian dance and music, and its success signified the triumph of the people's art ".

By following that history with a novel, she sought to portray the Indian experience " in a way to move people's hearts.

By subterfuge, real estate agents would facilitate black people's buying a house in a white neighborhood ; either buying the house themselves, or via a white proxy buyer, and then re-selling it to the black family.

By the opinion of certain scholars, these prophets were not counted as fools by their contemporaries, as they just carried out separate actions to attract people's attention and to awake their repentance.

By raising the cost for certain products ( here called immoral ), they aim to force change upon people's behavior.

By contrast, DAAS were belligerent and confrontational, frequently attacking topical issues, invading people's personal space and involving the audience in their act.

By the beginning of the 20th century, antimacassars had become so associated in people's minds with the Victorian period that the word briefly became a figurative term for it.

By 1936 it was proclaiming that it could salvage people's deteriorating complexion because it cleared the intestines of wastes and impurities.

By the end of the war, local people's animosity toward the remaining French was such that many of the soldiers were glad to leave.

By combining several individual melodies, he reveals the wish he cherishes for society, namely that of every individual being able to freely express and develop himself, without infringing upon other people's freedom to develop their abilities.

By the time Beth Tinker was in school, the law had expanded to make even school boards liable if they stood in the way of people's federally-protected rights.

By focusing on problems ' effects on people's lives rather than on problems as inside or part of people, distance is created.

By April 20, the principle of the people's right to self-determination articulated by Christian Magnus Falsen and Gunder Adler had been established as foundational for the framing of the constitution.

By complementing public and commercial services, digital communities through CGS contribute to build resilience in people's lives and global information societies.

By " national ," Stasov felt, art should not only portray people's lives but also be meaningful to them and show them how to live.