By 1989, Moscow had repudiated the Brezhnev Doctrine in favor of non − intervention in the internal affairs of its Warsaw Pact allies.

By the time of his resignation as chairman of the board in 1989 he had transformed Heineken from a brand that was known chiefly in the Netherlands to a brand that is currently famous worldwide.

By September 1989 his cancer was declared terminal.

By 1989, GPL came into being and the only major component missing was the kernel.

By 1989 President Callejas's broad economic goal became to return Honduran economic growth to 1960-80 levels.

By 1989 and the election of President Callejas, however, a heavy toll had been taken by regionwide economic recession, civil war in neighboring countries, the drying up of most external credit, and capital flight equaling more than US $ 1. 5 billion.

By 1989, it accounted for an estimated 34 % of material products, compared to 18 % from agriculture.

By 1989, with a definitive model name now chosen, the MX-5 ( as in " Mazda Experiment ", project number 5 ) was ready to be introduced to the world as a true lightweight sports car, weighing just.

* Music to be Born By ( 1989 ) – Mickey Hart

By contrast, South Korea had an average population density of 425 persons per square kilometer in 1989.

By the end of 1989, the last hardline members of the party's Central Committee had either resigned or been pushed out, followed in 1990 by 95 % of the SED's 2. 3 million members.

By the fall of 1989, the regime was barely clinging to power.

:* Best Rock Performance By A Duo Or Group With Vocal ( 1989 ) as part of The Traveling Wilburys

By 1989 there were signs of a revival of the overseas construction market — the Dong Ah Construction Company signed a US $ 5. 3 billion contract with Libya for the second phase of Libya's Great Man-Made River Project, which, when all five phases were completed, was projected to cost US $ 27 billion.

By 1989, the Arizona state legislature had successfully created the holiday, but opponents forced a ballot initiative, and in 1990, Arizona voters rejected the initiative.

By 1986 only 2, 157 remained in custody and only 39 were still being held in 1989 when they were released under the Esquipulas II agreement.

By 1989, Leone had been able to acquire $ 100 million in financing from independent backers, and the film was to be a joint production with a Soviet film company.

By 1989 the political spectrum had widened, and new parties were formed and re-formed almost daily.

By means of the peaceful revolution in 1989, the communist regime was brought down and the city has been governed democratically since 1990.

By contrast, when Canada's YTV began airing the series in 1989, they continued airing the 1981 season as part of the package, as well as Whatever Turns You On, which was never shown in the United States at all.

By 1989, home video game sales in the United States had reached $ 5 billion, surpassing the 1982 peak of $ 3 billion during the previous generation.

By June 1989, an agreement was reached, and the only concession the RIAA would receive was a more practical recommendation from manufacturers to Congress that legislation be enacted to require that recorders have a Serial Copy Management System to prevent digital copying for more than a single generation.

By 1989, ICIC's shareholding was reduced to 11 % with Abu Dhabi groups holding almost 40 %.

By 1989, The Disney Channel had a total of about five million pay subscribers nationwide.

By 1986 their releases began to establish the hip hop album as a fixture of the mainstream.

By 1982, a number of hip hop radio stations had appeared, including Rapper Dapper Snapper and BA Crew, and the future star DJ Dee Nasty made his first appearance.

By rapping in their native language, Islamic Force connected directly with Turkey as a country as well as their cultural background while simultaneously merging a global genre ( hip hop ) with a local culture ( Turkish traditions ) According to Diessel, “ The synthesis of Turkish musical idioms and language with hip hop was successful in appealing to a young audience.

By the end of the 1980s, the TR-808 was popular within electronic music and hip hop genres.

By the beginning of the 1980s, there were popular hip hop songs, and the celebrities of the scene, like LL Cool J, gained mainstream renown.

By the 1990s, Atlanta, Georgia had become a controlling city in southern hip hop music.

By the 1980s, hip hop had spread globally, and the Zulu Nation has since established ( autonomous ) branches in Japan, France, the UK, Australia, South Korea and the Cape Flats in Cape Town South Africa.

By the mid-90s the disappearance of the DJ in hip hop had created a sub-culture which would come to be known as turntablism and which focused entirely on the DJ utilising his turntables and a mixer to manipulate sounds and create music.

By pushing the practice of DJing away, hip hop created the grounds for this sub-culture to evolve.

By the year 2000, turntablism and turntablists had become widely publicised and accepted in the mainstream and within hip hop as valid artists.

Other New Jersey hip hop artists & producers include Cardiak, DUS, Redman, Naughty By Nature, Ice-T, The Fugees, Queen Latifah, P. M.

By the latter 1990s, nu metal bands were playing a combination of thrash metal, hip hop, industrial, hardcore punk and grunge.

By the year 2008, the brothers had published three books about the hip hop and urban culture of the Balkans.

By the end of the decade, a fusion between hip hop and electronic dance which had originated in the 1980s, known as Hip House also grew successful.

By the end of the decade this sound began to decline in popularity as well as the dance-crazes that came along with them, as pioneer hip hop artists such as Ice T and Nas, with his 2006 song " Hip Hop Is Dead " brought dislike to the new path hip hop was directing.

By the mid 1980s, the orchestra hit had become commonplace in hip hop music, and its ubiquitous use became a cliché.

Detroit underground hip hop label Reel Life Productions had its highest charting success with the Dayton Family member Bootleg's solo release Hated By Many Loved By Few, which peaked at # 174 on the Billboard 200, # 6 on Independent Albums, and # 38 on Top R & B / Hip-Hop Albums and Esham's Tongues, which peaked at # 195 on the Billboard 200, # 7 on Independent Albums, # 46 on Top R & B / Hip-Hop Albums and # 14 on Top Heatseekers.

* Ruthless By Law ( or RBL Posse ), a hip hop group from San Francisco

By the time Coors Field opened on the edge of the LoDo Historic District in 1995, the area had begun to revitalize itself into a new, hip neighborhood filled with clubs, restaurants, art galleries, stores, bars, and other businesses.

Before the Trial By Fire tour could begin, Perry suffered a hip injury while hiking in Hawaii and was unable to perform.

Growing impatient and realizing the window of opportunity was closing to follow up the success of the platinum-selling Trial By Fire LP with a world tour, Journey members Jonathan Cain and Neal Schon met with Perry and presented an ultimatum that he either undergo hip replacement surgery so the tour could proceed upon his recovery or a replacement singer would be hired.