By inserting separate, successive sections of V. cholerae DNA into the DNA of other bacteria, such as E. coli that would not naturally produce the protein toxins, researchers have investigated the mechanisms by which V. cholerae responds to the changing chemical environments of the stomach, mucous layers, and intestinal wall.

By inserting the energetic definitions of the ionization potential and electron affinity into the Mulliken electronegativity, it is possible to show that the Mulliken chemical potential is a finite difference approximation of the electronic energy with respect to the number of electrons., i. e.,

By inventing and inserting documents that appear to be factual, an author tries to create a sense of authenticity beyond the normal and expected suspension of disbelief for a work of art.

By occasionally inserting ( or intercalating ) an additional day or month into the year, the drift can be corrected.

By inserting electrodes into the giant squid axons, accurate measurements were made of the membrane potential.

By inserting eukaryotic mRNA for insulin production along with reverse transcriptase into bacteria, the mRNA can insert itself into the prokaryote's genome, and large amounts of insulin can be created, sidestepping the need to harvest pig pancreas and other such traditional sources.

By far the most destructive method is to weld the weapon shut by inserting one or more armed thermite grenades into the breech and then quickly closing it.

By inserting a twig or similar before the wound heals, a small hole is created for the passage of urine and menstrual blood.

By inserting the energetic definitions of the ionization potential and electron affinity into the Mulliken electronegativity, it is possible to show that the Mulliken chemical potential is a finite difference approximation of the electronic energy with respect to the number of electrons., i. e.,

By inserting price into sales interactions, this regulation will supposedly make the economic forces operate more normally.

By inserting different prices into the formula, you will obtain a number of break even points, one for each possible price charged.

By inserting not before the main verb a negation is achieved.

By inserting any blank Windows-formatted disk before starting, the player can have the game create files on the disk used to record personal best scores.

By inserting the feast into the Roman Catholic calendar of saints in 1814, Pope Pius VII extended the celebration to the whole of the Latin Church.

By inserting an appropriate bit ( or burr ) the tool can perform drilling, grinding, sharpening, cutting, cleaning, polishing, sanding, routing, carving and engraving.

* By inserting most Megaman Battle Network games into the Slot-2 of a DS, players may acquire additional benefits to two spin-offs of the Battle Network series: the Megaman Star Force series.

By inserting INIT code into a control panel, it became possible to build extension / control panel hybrids that modified the operating system at boot time and contained their own in-built configuration interface in the same form as any other operating system control panel.

By inserting this you will greatly oblige me, and also do justice to the members of a family whose attention and kindness to my cousin all through his illness could not have been surpassed had he been at home.

By adding a systematic analysis with symbols to the typed transcripts of interviews, they have supplied a new set of techniques for the therapist.

By the time we arrived and entered the building sacred music was already swelling out into the chapel-like auditorium with its discreet symbols of religious faiths.

* By whether they work on blocks of symbols usually of a fixed size ( block ciphers ), or on a continuous stream of symbols ( stream ciphers ).

" By the middle of the 9th century, however, a form of neumatic notation began to develop in monasteries in Europe as a mnemonic device for Gregorian chant, using symbols known as neumes ; the earliest surviving musical notation of this type is in the Musica disciplina of Aurelian of Réôme, from about 850.

By replacing ten cards with five symbols and using three reels instead of five drums, the complexity of reading a win was considerably reduced, allowing Fey to devise an effective automatic payout mechanism.

By 1 ( unity ) Boole denoted the " universe of thinkable objects "; literal symbols, such as x, y, z, v, u, etc., were used with the " elective " meaning attaching to adjectives and nouns of natural language.

By adding t check symbols to the data, an RS code can detect any combination of up to t erroneous symbols, and correct up to ⌊ t / 2 ⌋ symbols.

By selecting chains that had a smaller character set ( for example, just numbers and a few punctuation marks ), the printer could print much faster than if the chain contained the entire upper-and lower-case alphabet, numbers, and all special symbols.

By this, Eliade does not necessarily mean anything supernatural or mystical: within the " transconscious ", he places religious motifs, symbols, images, and nostalgias that are supposedly universal and whose causes therefore cannot be reduced to historical and cultural conditioning.

By 1985, work had begun to include graphic symbols in the Makaton Language Programme, and a version including graphic symbols was published in 1986.

By January 1965 the group had arrived at is permanent name, ‘ Deacons for Defense and Justice .’” The organization wanted to maintain a level of respectability and identify with traditionally accepted symbols of peace and moral values.

By the Renaissance period, wreaths became symbols of political and religious alliances in England.

By the 16th century, food and flowers would again appear as symbols of the seasons and of the five senses.

By chronological order of registration, these symbols can be:

By clicking on one of the symbols or text, the operator is selecting the instruction that the symbol represents.

By combining the alchemical symbols for fire ( upwards triangle ) and water ( downwards triangle ), the alchemical symbols for earth and air are also created.

By the end of the 3rd dynasty it had been expanded to include more than 200 symbols, both phonograms and ideograms.

By Version 4, the syntax had changed to use both the | and ^ symbols to denote pipes:

By permuting the indices, and resumming, one can solve explicitly for the Christoffel symbols as a function of the metric tensor:

By the 1960s, the party had become a veritable political subculture, with its own symbols and organizations and the support of prominent artists and intellectuals such as Pablo Neruda, the Nobel Prize-winning poet, and Violeta Parra, the songwriter and folk artist.

By submerging the patient in a tub and rotating the transducer while the scanning goes on, they have been able to get cross-section views of the neck, as shown in Fig. 7, as well as many other hitherto impossible insights.

By comparing reaction cells sealed from the same manifold temperature dependency corresponding to activation energies ranging from 11 to 18 Af was observed while dependence on the first power of the light intensity seemed to be indicated in most cases.

By " impressions ", he means sensations, while by " ideas ", he means memories and imaginings.

By 1946, as the growing fellowship quarreled over structure, purpose, and authority, as well as finances and publicity, Wilson began to form and promote what became known as AA's Twelve Traditions, guidelines for an altruistic, unaffiliated, non-coercive, and non-hierarchical structure that limited AA's purpose to only helping alcoholics on a non-professional level while shunning publicity.

By contrast, while defendants in most civil law systems can be compelled to give a statement, this statement is not subject to cross-examination by the prosecutor and not given under oath.

By the time of the cancellation, Nintendo's NES dominated the North American market, controlling 80 % while Atari Corp. controlled just 12 %.

By 1902, however, due to the Governor of ` Akka being supportive of ` Abdu ' l-Bahá, the situation was greatly eased ; while pilgrims were able to once again visit ` Abdu ' l-Bahá, he was confined to the city.

By a 20th-century classification, the idealists ( Kant, Hegel and others ), are considered the beginning of continental philosophy, while the empiricists are the beginning, or the immediate predecessors, of analytical philosophy.

By 03: 00, after more than three hours of close quarter combat, Majestic had lost its main and mizzen masts while Tonnant was a dismasted hulk.

By the middle of the decade, some of the 1950s generation of American comedians, such as Jerry Lewis, went into decline, while Peter Sellers found success with international audiences in his first American film The Pink Panther.

By then, Confucius had build up a considerable reputation through his teachings, while the families came to see the value of proper conduct and righteousness, so they could achieve loyalty to a legitimate government.

Coal ( from the Old English term col, which has meant " mineral of fossilized carbon " since the 13th century ) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided per day.

By this time the main difference between light and battle cavalry was their training ; the former was regarded as a tool for harassment and reconnaissance, while the latter was considered best for close-order charges.

By 1900 the demand for Beaux's work brought clients from Washington, D. C., to Boston, prompting the artist to move to New York City ; it was there she spent the winters, while summering at Green Alley, the home and studio she had built in Gloucester, Massachusetts.

By focusing on a specific chakra ( while often holding the breath ) the subtle winds enter the central channel.

By contrast, time division multiple access ( TDMA ) divides access by time, while frequency-division multiple access ( FDMA ) divides it by frequency.

By statute, the Commandant is appointed as a four-star general while serving in office.

By the mid-1990s, Compaq's price war had enabled it to overtake IBM and Apple, while other IBM PC Compatible manufacturers such as Packard Bell and AST were driven from the market.

By 6, Domitian's mother and sister had long died, while his father and brother were continuously active in the Roman military, commanding armies in Germania and Judaea.

By convention, unknowns are denoted by letters at the end of the alphabet, x, y, z, w, …, while knowns are denoted by letters at the beginning, a, b, c, d, ….

By the time Allen reached his teens, the area, while still a difficult area in which to make a living, began to resemble a town, with wood-frame houses beginning to replace the rough cabins of the early settlers.

By convention, the charge of an electron is − 1, while that of a proton is + 1.

By 1951, 87 subroutines in the following categories were available for general use: floating point arithmetic ; arithmetic operations on complex numbers ; checking ; division ; exponentiation ; routines relating to functions ; differential equations ; special functions ; power series ; logarithms ; miscellaneous ; print and layout ; quadrature ; read ( input ); nth root ; trigonometric functions ; counting operations ( simulating repeat until loops, while loops and for loops ); vectors ; and matrices.

By the mid-1960s, West Pakistan was benefiting from Ayub's " Decade of Progress ," with its successful " green revolution " in wheat, and from the expansion of markets for West Pakistani textiles, while the East Pakistan's standard of living remained at an abysmally low level.

By the early 1970s, the picture changed: software costs were dramatically increasing, a growing software industry was competing with the hardware manufacturer's bundled software products ( free in that the cost was included in the hardware cost ), leased machines required software support while providing no revenue for software, and some customers able to better meet their own needs did not want the costs of " free " software bundled with hardware product costs.