By contrast, the binding energy released by uranium-238 absorbing a thermal neutron is less than the critical energy, so the neutron must possess additional energy for fission to be possible.

By neutron capture and two successive beta decays, becomes plutonium-239 (), which, by successive neutron capture, becomes plutonium-240 (), plutonium-241 (), plutonium-242 () and ( after further beta decays ) other transuranic or actinide nuclides.

By measuring the neutron flux, plasma properties such as ion temperature and fusion power can be determined.

By September 1941 the German scientists assigned to the programme had determined how a nuclear reactor could be developed ; this required significant quantities of heavy water to act as a neutron moderator to encase the uranium which would be used to provide the material for a nuclear weapon.

By contrast, a modern nuclear weapon will explode with a significant yield if and only if the chemical explosive triggers are fired at precisely the right sequence at the right time, and a neutron source is triggered at exactly the right time.

By contrast, after a core-collapse supernova, there is an extremely high neutron flux, on the order of 10 < font size = "- 1 ">< sup > 22 </ sup ></ font > neutrons per cm < font size = "- 1 "> ² </ font > per second, resulting in nucleosynthesis by the r-process ( rapid-neutron-capture-process ).

By contrast, so-called delayed neutrons are delayed by the time delay associated with beta decay ( mediated by the weak force ) to the precursor excited nuclide, after which neutron emission happens on a prompt time scale ( i. e., almost immediately ).

By passing through the interferometer, the neutron appears to act as a wave.

By measuring the concentration of this isotope, the neutron radiation dosage to the victim can be computed.

By 1950 higher neutron fluxes were desirable, consequently, extensive modifications were made to HYPO to permit operation at power levels up to 35 kilowatts this reactor was, of course, named SUPO.

By these means it is possible to visualise thermal inhomogeneities within solid phases under microwave irradiation.

By studying these images, they can detect solar system objects by their movements relative to the background stars, which remain fixed.

By 1866 the collection consisted of some 10, 000 objects.

By luck, these men found the Valley of Copiapó, where a Spaniard called Gonzalo Calvo Barrientos, a Spaniard whom Pizarro had expelled from Peru for stealing objects the Inca had offered for his ransom, had already established a friendship with the local natives.

By definition, maps objects and morphisms identically to.

By the Middle Bronze Age, increasing numbers of smelted iron objects ( distinguishable from meteoric iron by the lack of nickel in the product ) appeared in the Middle East, Southeast Asia, and South Asia.

The authors call this concept a ‘ conduit metaphor .’ By this they meant that a speaker can put ideas or objects into words or containers, and then send them along a channel, or conduit, to a listener who takes that idea or object out of the container and makes meaning of it.

By the end of the process, input signals representing " points of light " have been transformed into a neural representation of objects in the surrounding world and their properties.

By analogy with the phoneme, linguists have proposed other sorts of underlying objects, giving them names with the suffix-eme, such as morpheme and grapheme.

By particles, Feynman meant objects which travel along paths, elementary particles in a field theory.

By simply selling their work for wages, " workers simultaneously lose connection with the object of labor and become objects themselves.

By objects, Wittgenstein did not mean physical objects in the world, but the absolute base of logical analysis, that can be combined but not divided ( TLP 2. 02 – 2. 0201 ).

By the 16th century, a tradition had developed based on observational incidents, true or false, that the black objects found widely scattered in large quantities over Europe had fallen from the sky during thunderstorms and were therefore to be considered generated by lightning.

By 1 ( unity ) Boole denoted the " universe of thinkable objects "; literal symbols, such as x, y, z, v, u, etc., were used with the " elective " meaning attaching to adjectives and nouns of natural language.

By bonding ( interconnecting ) all exposed non-current carrying metal objects together, they should remain near the same potential thus reducing the chance of a shock.

By 500 BC most contemporary Greek philosophers considered the Earth to be spherical — there was obvious evidence for this from the behavior of objects near the horizon.

By sliding them closer together or farther apart, objects at various distances could be brought to the sharpest focus as desired.

By stealing their eye while they were passing amongst themselves, the hero Perseus forced them to tell the whereabouts of the three objects needed to kill Medusa ( in other versions the whereabouts of Medusa herself ), by ransoming their shared eye for the information.

By the Warring States Period, bronze vessels had become objects of aesthetic enjoyment.

By the time of the Surrealist Exhibition of Objects in 1936 a whole range of sub-classifications had been devised — including found objects, readymade objects, perturbed objects, mathematical objects, natural objects, interpreted natural objects, incorporated natural objects, Oceanic objects, American objects and Surrealist objects.

By `` image '' is meant not only a visual presentation, but also remembered sensations of any of the five senses plus the feelings which are immediately conjoined therewith.

By virtue of his self-reliance, his individualism and his freedom from external restraint, the private eye is a perfect embodiment of the middle class conception of liberty, which amounts to doing what you please and let the devil take the hindmost.

By upholding his own personal code of behavior, the private detective has placed himself in opposition to a society whose fabric is permeated with crime and corruption.

By our policy the West was -- is -- split.

By law this is 75% for the Virgin Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico.

By law this is 70% for the Virgin Islands, Guam and Puerto Rico.

By this standard, it is determined that where two stations operating on the same frequency are involved, objectionable interference from station A exists at any point within the service area of station B where station A's signal is of an intensity one-twentieth or more of the strength of station B's signal at that point.

By this time Henri's entire chest-back-lat-shoulder area is pumped-up to almost bursting point, and Claude takes time to do a bit more pectoral-front deltoid shaping work.

By this scheme, pulling one signal to clear locks all the other switch and signal levers in safe positions until the first signal is again restored to normal.

By lifting the seat upwards a little, the weight is taken off the neck and the back is kept rounded.

By the middle of the summer, many of the larvae apparently receive such a good diet that it is `` optimal '', and it is then that young queens begin to appear.

By Theorem 10, D is a diagonalizable operator which we shall call the diagonalizable part of T.

By ( 1 ), the image of this pencil is a ruled surface of order Af which is met by the plane of the pencil in a curve, C, of order Af.

By means of this social control, deviance is either eliminated or somehow made compatible with the function of the social group.

By the time the child first attacks the actual problem of reading, he is completely familiar and at ease with all of the elements of words.

By this time there is little doubt but what election plans were complete.

By the very nature of the situation, it is the union which has been able to select the time and place to bring pressure upon management.

By all means the most important distinction is that between those total-cost apportionments which superimpose a distribution of admittedly unallocable cost residues on estimates of incremental or marginal costs, and those other apportionments which recognize no difference between true cost allocation and mere total-cost distribution.

By airline from Concord to Burlington is a distance of about 150 miles, counting a slight deviation for the stop at either Barre or Montpelier.

By using instruments of gradually increasing size, the vagina is gently, and with minimum pain at each stage, taught to yield to an object of the appropriate shape.

By means of charts showing wave-travel times and depths in the ocean at various locations, it is possible to estimate the rate of approach and probable time of arrival at Hawaii of a tsunami getting under way at any spot in the Pacific.