By prevailing over other claimants for the loyalties of men, the nation-state maintained an adequate measure of certainty and order within its territorial borders.

By ( 1 ), the image of this pencil is a ruled surface of order Af which is met by the plane of the pencil in a curve, C, of order Af.

By strengthening the differentiability assumption, it has been possible to derive second and higher order theories of viscoelasticity.

By analogy, the church also has been regarded as entirely independent of the `` world '' in the sense of requiring nothing from it in order to be the church.

By its inclusion the order has grown enormously in number of species.

" By degrees order was introduced in the groups of huts.

By the theory of minute constituents of things, and his emphasis on mechanical processes in the formation of order, he paved the way for the atomic theory.

By 1957, he set this subject aside in order to work in algebraic geometry and homological algebra.

By tradition, when the Justices are in conference deliberating the outcome of cases before the Court, the justices state their views in order of seniority.

By January 1, 1995, the order of battle of the Belarusian army had changed.

By 16: 00, Alexander and Swiftsure were also in sight, although some distance from the main British fleet, and Brueys gave orders to abandon the plan to remain at anchor and instead for his line to set sails, although Blanquet protested the order on the grounds that there were not enough men aboard the French ships to both sail the ships and man the guns.

By a strange twist, the Benedictines were not a mendicant order, but a stable, monastery-based order, and single-volume breviaries are rare from this early period.

By prescribing recent advances in medicine, the Boston ministers modified the doctrine of theological pathogenesis in an attempt to maintain the old order according to which it was the clergy ’ s duty and privilege to interpret illnesses and their cures.

By the 1880s, Pissarro began to explore new themes and methods of painting in order to break out of what he felt was an artistic “ mire ”.

By his compromises in India with the Christians of St. Thomas, he developed the Jesuit missionary methods along lines that subsequently became a successful blueprint for his order to follow.

By 1943, after Italy faced multiple military failures, complete reliance and subordination of Italy to Germany, and Allied invasion of Italy, and corresponding international humiliation, Mussolini was removed as head of government and arrested by the order of King Victor Emmanuel III who proceeded to dismantle the Fascist state and declared Italy's switching of allegiance to the Allied side.

By the end of the 1990s, 11 fishing farms were registered in Guadeloupe and experiments are under way to catch and market fish in order to respond to growing demand.

By 1671 Fox had recovered and Margaret had been released by order of the King.

By sorting formulas according to the number of atoms of each element present in the formula according to these rules, with differences in earlier elements or numbers being treated as more significant than differences in any later element or number — like sorting text strings into lexicographical order — it is possible to collate chemical formulas into what is known as Hill system order.

By the time of Cicero he had become " the dark " ( Ancient Greek — ) because he had spoken nimis obscurē, " too obscurely ", concerning nature and had done so deliberately in order to be misunderstood.

By the 1226 Golden Bull of Rimini, Frederick had assigned the military order of the Teutonic Knights to complete the conquest and conversion of the Prussian lands.

By 1802 the Separatists had grown in number to about 12, 000 and the Württemberg government decided that they were a dangerous threat to social order.

By early November 1939, Adolf Hitler had decided on forcing a decision in the West by invading Belgium, the Netherlands and France.

By childless death of Reinoud of Valkenburg ( married to Elisabeth van Kleef ) grants the Duke of Brabant Adolf van Kleef with Herpen, Ravenstein and Uden so in 1397 the Land of Ravenstein Kleefs territory was.

By mid-August, unable to work, he transferred his duties to his deputy, Adolf Čech.

By then the work on the " Dictionary of Philosophy and Psychology " ( 1902 ) had been announced and a period of intense philosophical correspondence ensued with the contributors to the project: William James, John Dewey, Charles Sanders Peirce, Josiah Royce, George Edward Moore, Bernard Bosanquet, James McKeen Cattell, Edward B. Titchener, Hugo Münsterberg, Christine Ladd-Franklin, Adolf Meyer, George Stout, Franklin Henry Giddings, Edward Bagnall Poulton and others.

By contrast, Sir Winston Churchill's 1948 book The Gathering Storm presented World War II as caused by the insane ambitions of Adolf Hitler who was unwillingly abetted by cowardly and weak-willed British and French leaders who chose appeasement over resistance.

By that time, of course, Adolf Hitler had come to power and the KPD had largely been destroyed.

His other television roles include: Hagath in the episode " Business as Usual " in Star Trek: Deep Space Nine ; Stilgar in the 2003 miniseries Children of Dune ; a gangster ( Mr Wiltshire ) in episode 8 of the BBC's Hotel Babylon series ; a lawyer ( Freddie Eccles ) in an episode of ITV's Marple entitled By the Pricking of My Thumbs ; and Adolf Hitler in the mini-series War and Remembrance, role he originally baulked at taking, primarily on moral grounds ; he later relented.

By 1939, with Adolf Hitler in power and the Treaty of Versailles no longer in effect, Walter and Reimar had entered the Luftwaffe as pilots.

By waving a black umbrella, Chamberlain's trademark fashion accessory, Witt claims he was protesting the Kennedy family appeasing Adolf Hitler before World War II.

By mid-1943 it had grown into a full Waffen-SS Panzer division known as " 1st SS Panzer Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler ".

By this time, the electoral success of the National Socialist German Workers Party had alarmed London, and it was felt unless the Weimar Republic could achieve some dramatic foreign policy success, Adolf Hitler might come to power.

By this time, Adolf Hitler had assumed the title of Führer of the Nazi Party, replacing Anton Drexler who had been known as the more democratically elected Party Chairman.

* A Contribution to the History of the Word Person: A Posthumous Treatise, By Friedrich Adolf Trendelenburg, Open Court Pub.

By Meyer's return, the LSSAH had been transformed into SS-Panzergrenadier-Division Leibstandarte SS Adolf Hitler.

By mid-1940 Italian dictator Benito Mussolini had grown jealous of Adolf Hitler's conquests and wanted to prove to his Axis partner that he could lead Italy to similar military successes.

By the Treaty of Stolbova, Ingria was ceded to Gustav II Adolf, king of Sweden.

By 1936, to avoid any association with Adolf Hitler, the dog's name was changed to Schnappsy ( aka Schnapps ).

By 1921, Hitler was rapidly becoming the undisputed leader of the Party.

But By the Way was one of the few features kept continuously running in the often seriously reduced Daily Express throughout World War II, when Morton's lampooning of Hitler, including the British invention of bracerot to make the Nazi's trousers fall down at inopportune moments, was regarded as valuable for morale.

By 1930 Himmler had persuaded Hitler to run the SS as a separate organisation, although it was still subordinate to the SA.

By this time, Hitler had appointed Himmler as Minister of the Interior and Plenipotentiary General for Administration ( Generalbevollmächtigter für die Verwaltung ).

By that time, the inner circle of people which Hitler trusted was rapidly shrinking.

By the mid-1930s, Hitler ’ s most powerful subordinates were Hermann Göring, as head of the Four Year Plan for crash rearmament, and Heinrich Himmler, head of the SS and police apparatus.

By 1938, they had all become wealthy men, but their wealth was dependent on Hitler ’ s continuing goodwill and willingness to turn a blind eye to their corruption.

By July, Goebbels was lamenting that Hitler had cut himself off from the people – it was noted, for example, that he never visited the bomb-ravaged cities of the Ruhr.

By this time, Goebbels had gained the position he had wanted so long – at the side of Hitler, albeit only because of his subservience to Bormann, who was the Führers de facto deputy.

By November 1941, it was becoming known in the upper reaches of the Nazi leadership and government offices that Hitler intended all the Jews of Europe to be deported to the eastern territories and executed by whatever means.

By 1942, Dönitz had emerged as Hitler's favourite admiral ( whom Hitler liked so much that he eventually named him as his successor ), and that to sack Dönitz would probably lead Hitler to sack him in turn.

By this point, Raeder completely detested Dönitz, and as such Raeder advised Hitler against appointing Dönitz as his successor, claiming that Dönitz was not qualified to run the Navy and advised that his deputy Admiral Rolf Carls be his successor.

By 1933, the younger SS was no longer the mere bodyguard of Hitler and showed itself more suited to carry out Hitler's policies thereby taking over the previously held roles of the SA.

By agreement, Hitler was given the political leadership of several Bavarian " patriotic associations " ( revanchist ) which collectively were known as the Kampfbund.

By midmorning on 9 November, Hitler realized that the putsch was going nowhere.

By this time, Röhm and Hitler were so close that they addressed each other as du ( the German familiar form of " you ").

By this time, Hitler had learned that the ailing Hindenburg would die before the year's end.

By chance, Schmidt was present by bringing refreshments when the Führer was furiously scolding an officer for letting a prisoner escape, during which Hitler declared that he could create a better National Socialist out of the bellhop.

* By being one of the first historians to present Hitler as an ordinary human being rather than as a " madman ", Taylor helped to open the door to seeing Hitler as a human being, albeit one who held morally repellent beliefs.

* By showing that Hitler just as often reacted as acted, he offered a balance to previous accounts where Hitler was portrayed as the sole agent and the leaders of Britain and France as entirely reactive.

By early 1939 Hitler had decided to force a confrontation with Poland over Danzig, and planning for a war with Poland began.