By dragging down warmer air from the inversion layers, and preventing the ponding of colder air on the ground, the low-flying helicopters prevent damage to the fruit buds.

By the late 2000s, ill-health was preventing him from driving in competition.

By giving away their ICQ product for free and preventing interoperability between their client software and other products, they were able to temporarily dominate the market for instant messaging.

By delaying in this manner, Themistocles gave the Athenians enough time to fortify the city, and thus ward off any Spartan attack aimed at preventing the re-fortification of Athens.

By 1885 Gladstone had readjusted the parliamentary district lines by making each district equal in population, preventing one MP from having greater influence than another.

By preventing all write operations to the device, e. g. a hard drive, it can be ensured that the device remains unaltered by data recovery methods.

By preventing existing towns and cities from extending normally and organically, they result in more land-extensive housing developments further out – i. e., the establishment beyond the greenbelts of new communities with lower building densities, their own built infrastructure and other facilities, and greater dependence on cars and commuting, etc.

By preventing friction at this interface, some of the heat generation is prevented.

By the end of March 1948, Abd al-Qadir al-Husayni's troops were preventing supply convoys from reaching Jerusalem.

By breaking the relationships between German banks they cut off the flow of credit between them, limiting them to short-term financing only, thus preventing the rehabilitation of German industry and with immediate adverse effects on the economy in the U. S. occupation zone.

By the late 1960s, six of seven leading textbooks of obstetrics said DES was ineffective at preventing miscarriage.

By late 1920, Makhno had successfully halted General Wrangel's White Army advance into Ukraine from the southwest, capturing 4, 000 prisoners and stores of munitions, and preventing the White Army from gaining control of the all-important Ukrainian grain harvest.

By preventing any of those necessary causes, the undesired outcome can be prevented.

By 2007, the shortage of staff was preventing the teaching and examination of some programmes.

By 4 May 1945 the US 103rd Infantry was already at Innsbruck, preventing Kammler from travelling from Ebensee to Tyrol.

By preventing one wheel from spinning freely, power is divided between the pavement for the non-slipping wheel and the brake for the slipping wheel.

By sidestepping, the player is able to move in a 3D manner, shifting the camera angle, preventing both characters from holding up the weapons or objects they had on the ground.

By killing this being and preventing it from locating a successor, the clones will therefore end the universe.

By these laws, Jews and Germans were forbidden to intermarry, and " making illicit intercourse liable to punishment was designed primarily with a view to preventing the birth of further individuals of mixed blood whose fate is a sorry one everywhere in the world, because they are neither one thing nor the other.

By evening most of the Dutch fleet was in full flight, save for 40 ships or so under Vice-Admiral Cornelis Tromp and Lieutenant-Admiral Johan Evertsen, both having assumed command ( showing the utter confusion on the Dutch side ), who made possible an escape and covered the flight, thus preventing complete catastrophe, though 16 more ships were lost.

By depriving the Jews of a resort to usury, Edward was practically preventing them from earning a living at all under the conditions of life then existing in feudal England ; and in principle the " Statute of Judaism " expelled them fifteen years before the final expulsion.

By fouling the player and preventing an easy two points, the defender forces the offensive player to " earn " the two points from the free throw line.

By changing records within the cache or preventing records from entering the cache, programs are allowed or prevented from accessing domain names.

Fourth: By the imposition of military force, preventing the Alcalde of the jurisdiction of Liberty from the exercise of his constitutional functions.

By 1964, membership had risen to 80, 000, and the ACLU was directly involved in a major expansion of civil liberties.

By mid-1947, as East-West tensions over economic recovery in Germany and the Greek Civil War escalated, Eisenhower gave up his hopes for cooperation with the Soviets and agreed with a containment policy to stop Soviet expansion.

By the mid-1960s, West Pakistan was benefiting from Ayub's " Decade of Progress ," with its successful " green revolution " in wheat, and from the expansion of markets for West Pakistani textiles, while the East Pakistan's standard of living remained at an abysmally low level.

By 1900, Germany's economy matched Britain's, allowing colonial expansion and a naval race.

By the 1890s, German colonial expansion in Asia and the Pacific ( Kiauchau in China, the Marianas, the Caroline Islands, Samoa ) led to frictions with Britain, Russia, Japan and the United States.

By the mid-15th century, the Benin Empire was engaged in political expansion and consolidation.

By that time, the Town of Kansas, Westport, and nearby Independence, had become critical points in America's westward expansion.

By the time of the largest expansion towards Kievan Rus ' lands, at the end of the 13th and during the 14th century, the territory of the GDL was about 800, 000 km < sup > 2 </ sup >, of which 10 % was ethnically Lithuanian.

By the late 1990s, many personal computer motherboards supported a full range of audio, video, storage, and networking functions without the need for any expansion cards at all ; higher-end systems for 3D gaming and computer graphics typically retained only the graphics card as a separate component.

By offering the Al Saud a clearly defined religious mission, the alliance provided the idealogical impetus to Saudi expansion.

By early July of 2012, however, it was announced that the canal expansion project had fallen six months behind schedule, leading the expansion to open in April 2015 rather than October 2014, as originally planned.

By 313 BC, Hellenic ideas had begun their almost 250-year expansion into the Near East, Middle East, and Central Asian cultures.

By 1844, the Whigs began their recovery by nominating Henry Clay, who lost to Democrat James K. Polk in a closely contested race, with Polk's policy of western expansion ( particularly the annexation of Texas ) and free trade triumphing over Clay's protectionism and caution over the Texas question.

By the first half of the 19th century, however, the Whig political programme came to encompass not only the supremacy of parliament over the monarch and support for free trade, but Catholic emancipation, the abolition of slavery and expansion of the franchise ( suffrage ).

By the end of 2008, the country had a fleet of over 24, 000 locomotives, the most lines in the world, the fastest express train in service, and longest high speed track in the world .. UK, Denmark, and other countries in northern Europe that surround the Baltic Sea and North Sea, continue to develop their rapid expansion of off-shore wind farms.

By the 1960s, it was seen as a way to accomplish the needed expansion and at the same time give the campus a new image.

By the middle of the 19th century, subsequent to the Industrial Revolution ( 1750 – 1850 ), the great expansion of the bourgeoisie social class caused its self-stratification — by business activity and by economic function — into the haute bourgeoisie ( bankers and industrialists ) and the petite bourgeoisie ( tradesmen and white-collar workers ).

By Taylor expansion in powers of | r | / | R |, this interaction energy can be further expressed as:

By winning it all in only their third season, the Bucks became the fastest expansion team in NBA history to win the championship, however four decades later, it remains the only title in club history.

By late 370 Thebes ' network of alliances in central Greece made her secure in the area — as she had not been before Leuctra — and offered scope for further expansion of Theban influence.

By the time of Bodley ’ s death in 1612, further expansion to the library was being planned.

By the late 18th century, further growth of the library demanded more expansion space.

By the 1920s, the Library needed further expansion space, and in 1937 building work began on the New Bodleian building, opposite the Clarendon Building on the north-east corner of Broad Street.

By 1843 John Quincy Adams, a major supporter, had changed his mind and repudiated Manifest Destiny because it meant the expansion of slavery in Texas.