By the end of the 16th century, Italy had absorbed the northern influences, with Venice, Rome, and other cities being centers of musical activity, reversing the situation from a hundred years earlier.

By reversing the flow of refrigerant, the heat pump refrigeration cycle is changed from cooling to heating or vice versa.

By then reversing the field they would be attracted to the far end, moving down the surface.

By reversing the current direction in the moving coil of a motor's armature, a steady rotating force ( torque ) is produced.

By passing an ultrasonic beam through the tissues, bouncing it off a reflective plate, then reversing the direction of the beam and repeating the measurement, the volume of blood flow can be estimated.

By reversing known mutations in a Y-chromosome lineage, a hypothetical ancestral sequence for the MRCA, Y-chromosomal Adam, can be inferred.

* By reversing the process of producing a spectrogram, it is possible to create a signal whose spectrogram is an arbitrary image.

By the late 20th century, new fields like genomics and proteomics were reversing this trend, with organismal biologists using molecular techniques, and molecular and cell biologists investigating the interplay between genes and the environment, as well as the genetics of natural populations of organisms.

By reversing these techniques, currencies could be reinforced.

By reversing the ester of the meperidine skeleton, a then-legally uncontrolled drug approaching the potency of morphine was produced.

By contrast, anti-inflammatory treatment trials for existing Alzheimer's disease have typically shown little to no effect on halting or reversing the disease.

Let V and W be handlebodies of genus g, and let ƒ be an orientation reversing homeomorphism from the boundary of V to the boundary of W. By gluing V to W along ƒ we obtain the compact oriented 3-manifold

By reversing the applied potential or providing a discharge path, the device bleaches.

By January 2001 Real Sociedad were bottom of the league and the new manager, John Toshack, turned to the prodigious Alonso in the hope of reversing the team's fortunes.

By constantly reversing the direction, the box pattern can be formed.

By reversing this construction, John Milnor and Sergei Novikov ( among many others ) were able to answer questions about the existence and uniqueness of high-dimensional manifolds: this is now known as surgery theory.

By reversing this law, we can infer that different countries do not share an efficient common market from the fact that prices for the same good are different.

By reversing the current, this concept can also heat the contents instead of cooling them, useful for keeping meals hot from a drive-through, or even to keep items from freezing in severely cold climates.

By threatening to make the Alpha Lanterns kill themselves if Ganthet does not cooperate, Henshaw forces Ganthet to work on reversing the augments that turned the Green Lanterns into Alpha Lanterns, hoping that he can use the resulting information to restore his original mortal body.

By these steps the final AIA list was reduced from 8,000 to 3,500.

# By tracking who pays, and when, the distributor can see potential problems developing and take steps to reduce or increase the allowed amount of trade credit he extends to prospering or posure to losses from customers going bankrupt who would never pay for the ice cream delivered.

By the mid-1980s, therefore, it had become essential that the PNDC demonstrate that it was actively considering steps towards constitutionalism and civilian rule.

By the time of Diocletian, however, this two-stage process had largely disappeared, and the Praetor would either hear the whole case in person or appoint a delegate ( a iudex pedaneus ), taking steps for the enforcement of the decision ; the formula was replaced by an informal system of pleadings.

By summing 1 + ½ + ¼ +... ( a geometric series ) we see that the machine performs infinitely many steps in a total of 2 minutes.

By January 3, 1965, the new acting chancellor, Martin Meyerson, established provisional rules for political activity on the Berkeley campus, designating the Sproul Hall steps an open discussion area during certain hours of the day and permitting tables.

By December 1957, Sukarno began to take concrete steps to enforce his authority over the country.

By contrast the S < sub > N </ sub > 1 reaction involves two steps.

By his alliance with John, Elector of Saxony, concluded in Gotha on 27 February 1526, he showed that he was already taking steps to organize a protective alliance of all Protestant princes and powers.

By taking substantive voluntary steps, they can persuade governments and the wider public that they are taking issues such as health and safety, diversity, or the environment seriously as good corporate citizens with respect to labour standards and impacts on the environment.

By slow and labored steps, Scharnhorst converted the professional long-service army of Prussia, wrecked at Jena ( 1806 ), into a national army based on universal service.

By the time the platform has completed almost a full rotation, another milker or a machine removes the cups and the cow steps backwards off the platform and then walks to its feed.

Television Heaven's review concluded by saying, " By turns amusing, aware, suspenseful, exciting and imaginative, ' Dark Season ' stands as an almost criminally overlooked example of children's genre television of the highest quality, and also as an early indication of a future major creative talent in the form of Russell T Davies taking his first steps on the long and winding creative road to a glittering future.

By moving away from traditional minstrel shows, Sam T. Jack ’ s production was predominantly influenced by the styles of vaudeville ( with more focus on the beauty and exotic aspects of showgirls ), reviving the cakewalk and adding fancy steps.

By the end of the 20th century the complexity of Quickstep as done by advanced dancers had increased, due to the extensive use of syncopated steps with eighth note durations.

By September 1971 the final steps toward the realization of a college were taken when Camosun ( Lansdowne campus ) and the BC Vocational School ( Interurban campus ) merged to become BC ’ s ninth community college.

By some doctors, the surgery is done in two steps, first the contents of the breast are removed through either a cut inside the areola or around it, and then let the skin retract for about a year, where in a second surgery the excess skin is removed.

By doing tandem mass spectrometry in time, the separation is accomplished with ions trapped in the same place, with multiple separation steps taking place over time.

By 2005, the corporation began taking tentative steps towards re-expanding local news programming, with CBNT in St. John's reinstating a full-hour " Here & Now " broadcast in November.

By the time of the towers ' removal in 1998 some steps up the tower had rotted and the tower itself showed signs of age.

By March 2009 it reached the Quebec National Assembly where a motion was presented and carried " That the National Assembly support the steps taken and supported by the population of Québec in order that Montreal Canadians management retire the sweater of Émile " Butch " Bouchard eminent defenceman from 1941 to 1956.

By his exertions Straus successfully halted any steps to expel American citizens who happened to be Jews (" U. S. For.

The company stumbled through the steps of a hat and cane routine (" Side By Side ") and thus revealed to the audience the physical limitations of the characters ' singing and dancing.

By the end of his stay in Paris, he likely became a supporter of reforms in France and Poland, and begun taking his first serious steps in political activism, through the involvement in the Quattuowirat, a group of magnates planning a ( never realized ) confederacy.