By the turn of the century, cycling clubs flourished on both sides of the Atlantic, and touring and racing became widely popular.

" By circa 1700, smallpox had become among the most devastating of epidemic diseases circulating in the Atlantic world.

By the beginning of the 19th century, government policy on both sides of the Atlantic began to change, reflecting the growing popularity of the proposition that corporations were riding the economic wave of the future.

By the age of seven, Plato began doing television commercials, reportedly appearing in over 100 spots for companies as diverse as Kentucky Fried Chicken, Dole, and Atlantic Richfield.

By the mid 19th century, the South, The city of New Orleans in particular, being situated as a key to commerce on the Mississippi River and in the Gulf, had become the largest U. S. city not on the Atlantic seaboard and the fourth largest in the U. S. overall.

By that time the murres, or Atlantic guillemots, had apparently already split from the other Atlantic alcids.

By the mid-16th century, the nesting colonies along the European side of the Atlantic were nearly all eliminated by humans killing this bird for its down, which was used to make pillows.

By the 16th century, the manikongo held authority from the Atlantic in the west to the Kwango River in the east.

By 1808 the Atlantic slave trade had brought almost half a million Sub-Saharan Africans to the United States.

By 1913 the French and British had plans in place for joint naval action against Germany, and France moved its Atlantic fleet from Brest to Toulon, replacing British ships.

By the early 1950s the 356 had gained some renown among enthusiasts on both sides of the Atlantic for its aerodynamics, handling, and excellent build quality.

Historian Peter Kolchin wrote, " By breaking up existing families and forcing slaves to relocate far from everyone and everything they knew " this migration " replicated ( if on a reduced level ) many of horrors " of the Atlantic slave trade.

By the end of the 19th century the white dress was the garment of choice for elite brides on both sides of the Atlantic.

By linking with the existing railway network of the Eastern United States, the road thus connected the Atlantic and Pacific coasts of the United States by rail for the first time.

By 1973, Nelson had returned to music, finding success with Atlantic Records.

By the end of the 19th Century, except for the presence of the naval and military facilities, Bermuda was thought of by non-Bermudians and Bermudians alike as a quiet, rustic backwater, completely at odds with the role it had played in the development of the English-speaking Atlantic world, a change that had begun with American independence.

By sea Prince Henry's captains continued their exploration of Africa and the Atlantic Ocean.

In 2007, the label celebrated its 60th anniversary with the May 2 PBS broadcast of the American Masters documentary Atlantic Records: The House that Ahmet Built and the simultaneous Starbucks CD release of Atlantic 60th Anniversary: R & B Classics Chosen By Ahmet Ertegun.

By 1869, Leonowens was in New York, where she opened a school for girls for a brief period on Staten Island, and began contributing travel articles to a Boston journal, Atlantic Monthly, including " The Favorite of the Harem ", reviewed by the New York Times as " an Eastern love story, having apparently a strong basis of truth ".

By the mid-18th century Charleston had become a bustling trade center, the hub of the Atlantic trade for the southern colonies, and the wealthiest and largest city south of Philadelphia.

By doing so, he connected the Atlantic Ocean to the Mediterranean Sea and formed the Strait of Gibraltar.

By 1989, Showtime had already exclusive deals with Carolco Pictures, Atlantic Entertainment Group, Cannon Films, Buena Vista, Universal Studios, De Laurentiis Entertainment Group, Imagine Entertainment and Weintraub.

By February 2011, it was confirmed that SkyTeam members Air France-KLM and Delta Air Lines had appointed Goldman Sachs to advise them on a joint potential approach for Virgin Atlantic.

By the 18th century, the Tsardom of Russia had become the huge Russian Empire, stretching from the Polish – Lithuanian Commonwealth eastward to the Pacific Ocean.

By 1815, Britain became the principal power in the Indian Ocean.

By the beginning of the second millennium CE the Swahili towns conducted a thriving trade that linked Africans in the interior with trade partners throughout the Indian Ocean.

By May 30, 2007, the cow and calf apparently slipped out unnoticed under the Golden Gate Bridge into the Pacific Ocean, likely under cover of night.

By the summer of 1996 Oasis's prominence was such that NME termed a number of Britpop bands ( including The Boo Radleys, Ocean Colour Scene and Cast ) as " Noelrock ", citing Gallagher's influence on their success.

By examining 10 microsatelite loci, researchers found two genetically distinct subpopulations of coconut – one originating in the Indian Ocean, the other in the Pacific Ocean.

By land it borders Troms county to the west, Finland ( Lapland ) to the south and Russia ( Murmansk Oblast ) to the east, and by water, the Norwegian Sea ( Atlantic Ocean ) to the northwest, and the Barents Sea ( Arctic Ocean ) to the north and northeast.

By then he had left Germany and now lives on the island of Tenerife in the Atlantic Ocean.

By terms of the treaty, Spain and the United States agreed that the southern boundary of the United States with the Spanish Colonies of East Florida and West Florida was a line beginning on the Mississippi River at the 31st degree north latitude drawn due east to the middle of the Chattahoochee River and from there along the middle of the river to the junction with the Flint River and from there straight to the headwaters of the St. Marys River and from there along the middle of the channel to the Atlantic Ocean.

By 1848, a 2. 7 m ( 9 ft ) deep path was completed, not only through the Welland Canal but also the rest of the way to the Atlantic Ocean via the St. Lawrence Seaway.

By 1801, the Nizam's dominion assumed the shape it is now remembered for: that of a princely state with territories in central Deccan, bounded on all sides by British India, whereas 150 years earlier it had considerable coastline on the Indian Ocean.

By the terms of the charter, the London Company was permitted to establish a colony of 100 miles square between the 34th parallel and the 41st parallel ( approximately between Cape Fear and Long Island Sound ), and also owned a large portion of Atlantic Ocean and inland Canada.

By 50 BC there was a marked increase in the number of Greek and Roman ships sailing the Red Sea to the Indian Ocean.

By early on June 22, Agnes emerged into the northwestern Atlantic Ocean, where it continued to re-intensify.

By 1960, despite decades of whaling in the Southern Ocean, only three specimens had been recovered.

By March 1984, that magazine's back cover was regularly advertising Ocean Software in Manchester, so they were spotted first ; Galway approached them as Proctor's agent.

By 100 AD the Ilamas had developed into the Yotoco Culture which expanded the region of the Ilamas further into the Cauca River and the Pacific Ocean and to the south to the region of what is now the city of Cali.

By the 14th century, the Mali Empire " extended from the Atlantic Ocean eastward along the Niger River valley to Hausaland ( northern Nigeria )...".

By the end of the reign of Augustus, Strabo described Lugdunum as the junction of four major roads: south to Narbonensis, Massilia and Italy, north to the Rhine river and Germany, northwest to the Ocean ( the English Channel ), and west to Aquitania.

By August 19, it crossed over Dakar, Senegal, shortly before entering into the Atlantic Ocean.