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By the Donation of Pepin of the Frankish king Pepin the Short in 752, it went to the Holy See.
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By and Donation
By the time of the English Reformation, the Donation had been exposed as a papal forgery.
By and Pepin
By a final placitum issued there, Louis gave Bavaria to Louis the German and disinherited Pepin II, leaving the entire remainder of the empire to be divided roughly into an eastern part and a western.
By 751, the Merovingian dynasty which until then had ruled the Franks by right was deprived of this right with the consent of the Papacy and the aristocracy and a Carolingian, Pepin the Short, was crowned King of the Franks.
By and Frankish
By the 6th century AD there is evidence of the foundation of a Bavarian stem duchy whose leadership was related to the ruling Frankish ( and possibly Alemannic / Swabian ) houses.
By this time Muslim invaders had conquered Hispania and were threatening the Frankish kingdoms.
By opening new trade routes in Arabic and Frankish lands, the Vikings profited from international trade by expanding beyond their traditional boundaries.
By the 8th century the Frankish dominion was firmly established in western Germany and northern Gaul.
By deferring to France, Baldwin II was not submitting Jerusalem to the suzerainty of France, rather was placing the moral guardianship of the Outremer with the West for its survival, reminding Louis VI that the Outremer was, to some extent, Frankish lands.
By remaining on the move, he cleverly avoided battles with large concentrations of heavy Frankish cavalry, while maximizing his advantages of mobility and the general climate of fear of Viking unpredictability.
By 1528, less than ten years after the start of the Reformation, the lords of the Frankish margrave territories switched to the Lutheran faith.
By the 8th century the Frankish dominion was firmly established in western Germany and northern Gaul.
By the time of Charles Martel and Saint Boniface, they were again subject to the Franks and ruled by Frankish dukes with their seat at Würzburg in the south.
By the 12th century the fleur-de-lis had become the heraldic emblem of the Capetian kings of France, whose court propaganda traced the first adoption of the fleur-de-lis to the conversion of the Frankish King Clovis I in 493.
By noon on that day, the Frankish army had reached a spring at the village of Turan some six miles ( 10 km ) from Sephoria.
By the time that the Mongols reached Baghdad, their army included Cilician Armenians, and even some Frankish forces from the submitted Principality of Antioch.
By 1430, the Byzantines eventually recovered the remainder of the Frankish part of the Morea, but in 1460 the peninsula was almost completely overrun and conquered by the Ottoman Empire.
By marrying two daughters to Frankish kings, he may have intended to involve the Merovingians in the Visigothic succession.
By the 8th century, England and the Frankish Empire were ( officially ) Christian, and by AD 1100 Germanic paganism had also ceased to have political influence in Scandinavia.
By all accounts, the Visigothic kingdom of Toulouse was more Romanized and its state structure more elaborated than the Frankish kingdom north of the Loire Valley.
By the 10th century, the Avar confederacy collapsed due to internal conflicts, Frankish and Slavic attacks.
By the time Svatopluk first appeared in a Frankish source ( in the Annals of Fulda ) in 869, he had ruled his own " realm " ( regnum ) within Moravia.
By the Treaty of Andelot ( 587 ) Guntram acquired possession of it and it remained with Burgundy until the reunion of various Frankish kingdoms in 613.
By marrying a Frankish nobleman's daughter, Liudolf followed suggestions set forth by Charlemagne about ensuring the integrity of the Frankish Empire in the aftermath of the Saxon Wars through marriage.
By the 9th century there was a substantial colony of Frankish settlers established by Emperor Charlemagne to facilitate Latin pilgrimages.
By some suppositions, Croatian prince Borna was a Frankish vassal sent from Liburnia to Dalmatia to organize it into a vassal state to the Frankish Empire ; in 820 AD, Louis the Pious rewarded him for his merits and devotion, by giving also Liburnia to his jurisdiction.
By and king
By the time of Mesalim, whichever dynasty controlled the city of Kish was recognised as šar kiššati (= king of Kish ), and was considered preeminent in Sumer, possibly because this was where the two rivers approached, and whoever controlled Kish ultimately controlled the irrigation systems of the other cities downstream.
By hereditary right he was king of Sicily and disputed the island of Sardinia with Genoa.
By the middle of the 6th century the king of Babylon was Nabonidus.
By being the " calm center " around which the kingdom turns, the king allows everything to function smoothly and avoids having to tamper with the individual parts of the whole.
" By various stratagems the jealous king seeks his death, but the plots only endear David the more to the people, and especially to Saul's son Jonathan, who loves David ( 1 Samuel 18: 1, 2 Samuel 1: 25 – 26 ).
By the time of the conquest, the island was divided into two Guanches kingdoms, one following the king Guize and the other Ayoze.
By 1793, the execution of the French king and the onset of the Terror disillusioned the Bildungsbürgertum ( educated middle classes ).
By the end of Alfred's reign in 899 he was the only remaining English king, having reduced Mercia to a dependency of Wessex, governed by his son-in-law Ealdorman Aethelred.
By far the strongest hereditary claim was that of Edgar the Ætheling, but his youth and apparent lack of powerful supporters caused him to be passed over, and he did not play a major part in the struggles of 1066, though he was made king for a short time by the Witan after the death of Harold Godwinson.
By now, the king was convinced that his marriage was hexed, and having already found a new queen, Jane Seymour, he put Anne in the Tower of London on charges of witchcraft.
By this time, the office of duke of Swabia had been fully subsumed into the office of the king, and without royal authority had become meaningless.
By that time Theodahad had been deposed by the Ostrogothic army, who had elected Vitigis as their new king.
By the Treaty of London in 1839 the status of the grand duchy was confirmed as sovereign and in personal union to the king of the Netherlands.
By kinship he was a Tarquin on his mother's side, the son of Tarquinia, daughter of Lucius Tarquinius Priscus, the third king before last.
By the 1880s, Sahle Selassie, king of Shewa ( the later Emperor Menelik II ) allied with Ras Gobena's Shewan Oromo militia to expand his kingdom to the South and East, expanding into areas that hadn't been held together since the invasion of Ahmed Gragn.
By the end of the 5th dynasty, the formula in all tombs becomes " An offering the king gives and Osiris ".
By contrast a four-straight including the bug can have as many as sixteen outs to complete the straight-Q-J-10-Joker can catch any ace, king, nine, or eight.
They comment, " By the bare scalp of Robin Hood's fat friar, This fellow were a king for our wild faction!
By the mid-17th century this situation had changed: Temne, not Bullom was spoken on the south shore, and ships stopping for water and firewood had to pay customs to the Temne king of Bureh who lived at Bagos town on the point between the Rokel River and Port Loko Creek.
By September 1298, Wallace resigned as Guardian of Scotland in favour of Robert the Bruce, Earl of Carrick and future king, and John Comyn of Badenoch, King John Balliol's nephew.
By late spring the Roman army numbers more than 60, 000 soldiers, including auxiliaries and troops of king Agrippa II.
By the end of the battle, de Montfort's forces capture both King Henry and his brother, future King Edward I, making de Montfort the " uncrowned king of England ".
By doing so, the king attempted to preempt any dispute after his death and legitimize his line on the throne of Georgia.
By the Decree of Kutná Hora () on 18 January 1409, the king subverted the university constitution by granting the Bohemian masters three votes.
By his second wife, Barbara of Celje, he left an only daughter, Elisabeth of Luxembourg, who was married to Albert V, duke of Austria ( later German king as Albert II ) whom Sigismund named as his successor.
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