By the 1940s, the term commonly was capitalized, Negro, but by the mid 1960s it was considered disparaging.

By the Roman period brass was being deliberately produced from metallic copper and zinc minerals using the cementation process and variations on this method continued until the mid 19th century.

By the mid late 18th century developments in cheaper zinc distillation such as John-Jaques Dony's horizontal furnaces in Belgium and the reduction of tariffs on zinc as well as demand for corrosion resistant high zinc alloys increased the popularity of speltering and as a result cementation was largely abandoned by the mid 19th century.

By the mid 19th century, many boats had been built with iron or steel frames but still planked in wood.

By the mid 1960s, binary addressing had become the standard architecture in most computer designs, and main memory sizes were most commonly powers of two.

" By the mid 2000s, bikinis had become a $ 811 million business annually, according to the NPD Group, a consumer and retail information company.

By the mid 1970s, born again Christians were increasingly referred to in the mainstream media as part of the born again movement.

By the mid 20th century, with the growing market for rare coins, the Sheldon system was adopted by the American Numismatic Association and most coin professionals in the North America.

By cutting transportation costs in half or more it became a large profit center for Albany, New York and New York City as it allowed the cheap transportation of many of the agricultural products grown in the mid west of the United States to the rest of the world.

By the mid 19th century, Edward Frankland, F. A.

By the mid to late 2000s, many disco-influenced songs were hits.

By mid century, the cooperative Christian Churches and the independent Christian Churches were following different paths.

By the mid — 18th century the French chemist Charles François de Cisternay du Fay had discovered two types of static electricity, and that like charges repel each other whilst unlike charges attract.

By the mid 1970s, there were enough media zines being published that adzines existed just to advertise all of the other zines available.

By the mid 19th century, the South, The city of New Orleans in particular, being situated as a key to commerce on the Mississippi River and in the Gulf, had become the largest U. S. city not on the Atlantic seaboard and the fourth largest in the U. S. overall.

By the mid 17th century, numerous small Dutch and Flemish distillers ( some 400 in Amsterdam alone by 1663 ) had popularized the re-distillation of malt spirit or wine with juniper, anise, caraway, coriander, etc., which were sold in pharmacies and used to treat such medical problems as kidney ailments, lumbago, stomach ailments, gallstones, and gout.

By the mid 1890s, the Golden Dawn was well established in Great Britain, with membership rising to over a hundred and including every class of Victorian society.

By the mid 1960s, Viola Spolin's classes were handed over to her protégé, Jo Forsberg, who further developed Spolin's methods into a one-year course, which eventually became The Players Workshop, the first official school of improvisation in the USA.

By the mid 1970s, Sweden experienced a recession that struck especially hard on the industrial sector ; shipyards and manufacturing industries were hard hit, which led to high unemployment in many cities of Scania.

By mid July, the team found themselves only 10 games out of the division lead.

By mid July, North Korean troops overwhelmed the South Korean and allied American units defending South Korea and forced them back to a defensive perimeter in south-east South Korean known as the Pusan Perimeter.

By the mid to late-1970s some parts of the capitalist world, including South Korea, were creating new industries based around computers, electronics, and other advanced technology in contrast to North Korea's Stalinist economy of mining and steel production.

By mid July they had Somoza and the National Guard isolated in Managua.

By the mid 19th century, the industrial revolution had transformed England and had begun in France.

By the 8th century, a navigable canal existed between Old Cairo and the Red Sea, but accounts vary as to who ordered its construction — either Trajan or ' Amr ibn al -' As, or Omar the Great.

" By the mid -' 60s, the superheroes were back in full force " with Mighty Comics Presents and The Mighty Crusaders, featuring " all of Archie's superhero characters teaming up for epic adventures " under the new imprint Mighty Comics ( alternately known as Radio Comics ).

By the mid -' 70s, Matchbox was again a force on the world market, having completed the transition and having even updated its line to include some fantasy vehicles.

By the time Green was twelve, he had written ten more songs, and Time magazine ran a short piece about Green in an article about aspiring young rock -' n '- roll singers, referring to him as Decca Records ' " prepubescent dreamboat ".

By the mid -' 80s, his partner wanted out so a portion of the chain was sold to Pietro's Pizzas, which itself had just been bought by the Campbell Soup Co.

By eighteen, Henderson was active on the Detroit jazz scene of the mid -' 50s, playing in jam sessions with visiting New York stars.

By the mid -' 90s it had largely vanished.

: Contents: Publisher's Note ; Timeline ; Preface: ' how I Came To Write '; A Life Well Lived: An Introduction To Jim Corbett By Lord Hailey ; Section One: The Unpublished Corbett-The Night Jar's Egg ; ' one Of Us '; From My Jungle Camp ; The Rudraprayag Letters ; Corbett On The Man-Eating Leopard Of Rudraprayag ; The Making Of Corbett's My India: Correspondence With His Editors ; ' shooting ' Tigers: Corbett And The Camera ; Wildlife In The Village: An Environmental Appeal ; An Englishman In India ; Life In Kenya ; Section Two: Corbett And His Audience -' The Artlessness Of His Art '; The Man Revealed: Corbett In His Writings ; The Universal Appeal Of Jim Corbett: Letters And Reviews ; Deliverance For Rudraprayag: Reactions To The Slaying Of The Man-Eating Leopard By Corbett ; Corbett's Influence: Man-Eaters Of Kumaon And The Chindwara Court Case ; Epigraph

In his words: " By the mid -' 50s just about every big corporation had adopted the so-called staff-and-line structure.

By the mid -' 60s through the end of its life, the station tried to emulate the management structure of a typical AM rocker of the day, with an appointed General Manager, Program Director, Music Director, and other management positions.

Muhammad Muhsin Khan: By Al -' Asr ( the time ).

By the end of the ' 05 -' 06 season, Kaman averaged 11. 9 points, 9. 6 rebounds and 1. 38 blocks in 32. 8 minutes per game, appearing in 78 games ( 78 starts ).

By the mid -' 70s, the station had begun a series of ownership and format changes that continued on a fairly regular basis.

By the mid -' 90s, AM music stations in general were all but extinct: KIIS 1150 had stopped playing rap / funk, KWNK was Spanish, XPRS had abandoned their long-running nightly fifties program, San Diego's KKLQ ended its simulcast on the super 600 frequency and 69 Extra Gold had long since gone talk.

By all appearances, the Flavians enjoyed high imperial favour throughout the 40s and 60s.

) By the late 60s, the group was being billed as the " Fabulous Penguins ", and featured Duncan, Walker, and new member Rudy Wilson.

By the early ' 60s only five hotels remained, then, by the end of the decade, it was back down to three.

By the late 1990s only a fraction of the corps that existed in the 60s and 70s remained, although several new corps, some of which have become very successful, did start up along the way.

By the mid ' 60s, Martin was a top movie, recording, television, and nightclub star, while Lewis ' film career declined.

By then she was aged in her 60s, with her voice well past its prime after a busy operatic career stretching all the way back to 1859.

By the 1850s and ' 60s, pastoralism was the thing in landscape design in eastern North America.

By the end of the 1970s, the revolutionary upsurge of the 60s and 70s had subsided.

By the middle of the 60s, Fort & Hairston had pulled together 21 other local street gangs, thus becoming the dominant gang on Chicago's South Side, engaging in numerous criminal activities while maintaining a political activist facade.

By all appearances, imperial favour for the Flavians was high throughout the 40s and 60s.

By the late 1950s, Cadillac and Chrysler had escalated the size of fins till some thought they were stylistically questionable and they became a symbol of American excess in the early ' 60s.

By the early 60s figures like Marvin Gaye, James Brown, Aretha Franklin, Curtis Mayfield and Stevie Wonder were dominating the R & B charts and breaking through into the main pop charts, helping to accelerate their desegregation, while Motown and Stax / Volt Records were becoming major forces in the record industry.

By the start of the 60s, the pace of her work slowed, but she continued occasional film appearances in the following decades, her last role being in The Man Next Door ( 1997 ).

By 1942 more modern cartridges had all but eclipsed the. 44-40, but it regained some popularity in the 1950s and ' 60s when Colt began once again to manufacture the Single Action Army and Frontier.

* By the 2250s /' 60s Foundationism was still a relatively obscure religion as Ivanova, a reasonably well educated, well read, well travelled and open minded person hadn't heard of it until Franklin mentioned it to her in (" In the Shadow of Z ' ha ' dum ").

By the early 60s, Biscúter sales and production stopped, after a total production run of about 12, 000.

By the early 80s, North Korea needed a flight-test facility for its program to reverse-engineer and produce copies of the Scud-B which it acquired from the Soviet Union in the late 60s.

By the beginning of the 60s, Navy Dentistry operated from 160 shore-based facilities and aboard 156 ships.

By 1982, WYNY trimmed the ' 60s music slightly.

By the late ' 60s the films were attracting a larger and broader audience, however, including couples rather than the single males who originally made up the vast majority of patrons.

By 2009 many Class 60s were in storage, with only fifteen in operation at any one time.

By the 60s and 70s a new, more natural style of acting (" the Stanislavski Method ") had emerged, been mythologized and enshrined ; and individuality had been transformed into a treasured personal quality.