By the late 1940s it was known that the properties of atomic nucleus could not be explained by the then-current models ( such as the liquid drop model developed by Niels Bohr amongst others ).

By the 1940s, it became clear that unit operations alone was insufficient in developing chemical reactors.

By the late 1930s and the 1940s, Italian Fascism completely denounced capitalism as an obsolete and oppressive system, Mussolini in 1940 at the entry of Italy into World War II, said:

By the 1940s the island had an airport ( just west of Puerto del Rosario on the road to Tindaya, still visible today ).

By the late 1940s, Oral Roberts was well known, and he continued with faith healing until the 1980s.

By the early 1940s the dance was known as " New Yorker " on the West Coast.

By the end of the 19th century, the economy began declining and by the 1940s, Malta's economy was in serious crisis.

) By the late 1940s, head coach Earle " Greasy " Neale and running back Steve Van Buren led the team to three consecutive NFL Championship Games, winning two of them in 1948 and 1949.

By the late 1940s the ' Type 10 ' was ready to be handed over to Philips ' subsidiary Johan de Witt in Dordrecht to be productionised and incorporated into a generator set as originally planned.

By this time home phonographs had become much more common, though it wasn't until the 1940s that console radio / phono set-ups with automatic record changers became more common.

By the late 1940s, he was the host.

By the 1940s, the spellings " hoagie " and, to a lesser extent, " hoagy " had come to dominate lesser user variations like " hoogie " and " hoggie ".

By the early 1940s, the British film industry began to combine documentary techniques with fictional stories in films like Noël Coward's In Which We Serve ( 1942 ), Millions Like Us ( 1943 ) and The Way Ahead ( 1944 ).

By its end, the world had largely recovered from World War II and the Cold War developed from its modest beginning in the late 1940s to a hot competition between the United States and the Soviet Union by the beginning of the 1960s.

By the end of the 1940s the number of languages broadcast had expanded and reception had improved following the opening of a relay in modern day Malaysia and of the Limassol relay, Cyprus, in 1957.

By the mid 1940s, jazz artists were changing their approach.

By the early 1940s, however, Jesuit theologian John Courtney Murray perceived that the most important coming challenge was secularism, a challenge that could best be confronted by many faith communities working together.

By the 1940s, Tracy was one of the studio's top stars.

By the late 1940s, milk bars had evolved to include not only groceries, but also became places where young people could buy ready-made food, non-alcoholic drinks and socialise.

By the 1940s, it was a leading international popular entertainment.

By the 1940s, writing preferences had shifted towards stiffer nibs that could withstand the greater pressure required for writing through copy paper to create duplicate documents.

By this time, his approval ratings had dipped into the teens, and were at 11 % in a 1992 Gallup poll, making him one of the most unpopular prime ministers since opinion polling began in Canada in the 1940s.

By the 1940s, budget concerns and national trends made it clear that Louisville Girls High School and duPont Manual would merge into one coeducational school.

By the middle of the 1940s, three-quarters of the records produced in America went into jukeboxes.

Suggest the following twenty-first-century amendment: By moving the term `` Republic '' to lower case, substituting the modern phrase, `` move ahead '' for the stodgy `` keep '', and by using the Postmaster's name on every envelope ( in caps, of course, with the `` in spite '' as faded as possible ), the slogan cannot fail.

By extension, the term " embark " literally means to board the kind of boat called a " barque ".

By extension, the term is also used to refer to any system administrator who displays ( or wishes he could get away with ) the qualities of the original.

By that time, the majority of black people were U. S .- born, so use of the term " African " became problematic.

By 1800, the term was practically extinct.

Coal ( from the Old English term col, which has meant " mineral of fossilized carbon " since the 13th century ) is a combustible black or brownish-black sedimentary rock usually occurring in rock strata in layers or veins called coal beds By comparison in 2007, natural gas provided of oil equivalent per day, while oil provided per day.

By extension, the term equinox may denote an equinoctial point.

By the English Middle Ages the term had been expanded to include not only the message, but also the New Testament which contained the message, as well as more specifically the four books of the Bible in which the life, death and resurrection of Jesus are portrayed.

By the time of the Protestant Reformation, Protestant theologians began to embrace the term evangelical as referring to " gospel truth ".

By analogy with the word " conlang ", the term conworld is used to describe these fictional worlds, inhabited by fictional constructed cultures.

By the late 1850s, one of these mentions the term " French fried potatoes ".

By the start of the fourteenth century the word appeared in English texts, indicating all three senses: the most common one, the legal term and the archaic usage.

By the 18th century, the term had gained its now common usage in France, and had begun to be used to refer purely to books of magic, which Owen Davies presumed was because " many of them continued to circulate in Latin manuscripts.

By the Hellenistic period, it began to also be associated with Greco-Roman mystery cults and ceremonies, becoming synonymous with the Greek term musterion.

By analogy with the ancient Greek term for agriculture, geoponics, the science of cultivating the earth, Gericke coined the term hydroponics in 1937 ( although he asserts that the term was suggested by W. A. Setchell, of the University of California ) for the culture of plants in water ( from the Greek hydro -, " water ", and ponos, " labour ").

By the turn of the twentieth century it had begun to be displaced by the shorter and purely Arabic term Islam and by 1938, when Orientalist scholars completed The Encyclopaedia of Islam, seems to have virtually disappeared from the English language.

By 1913 there were four planes, now including a British Sopwith and long term plans to create six naval air stations by 1918.

By analogy, the term letter is sometimes used for e-mail messages with a formal letter-like format.

By the time of the French Revolution some, such as the Enragés, began to use the term positively, in opposition to Jacobin centralisation of power, seeing " revolutionary government " as oxymoronic.

By the mid-15th century the term lollard had come to mean a heretic in general.

By extension, the term " Old Mandarin " is used by linguists to refer to the northern dialects recorded in materials from the Yuan dynasty.

By extension, the term " manichean " is widely applied ( often disparagingly ) as an adjective to a philosophy or attitude of moral dualism, according to which a moral course of action involves a clear ( or simplistic ) choice between good and evil, or as a noun to people who hold such a view.