By virtue of his self-reliance, his individualism and his freedom from external restraint, the private eye is a perfect embodiment of the middle class conception of liberty, which amounts to doing what you please and let the devil take the hindmost.

By the middle of the summer, many of the larvae apparently receive such a good diet that it is `` optimal '', and it is then that young queens begin to appear.

By virtue of the legal responsibilities of the Department of Employment in the farm placement program, we necessarily found ourselves in the middle between these two forces.

By the middle of the 19th century, industrialisation swept away most of the city's medieval rules of production and commerce, although the entirely corrupt remains of the city's mediæval constitution was kept in place ( compare the famous remarks of Georg Forster in his Ansichten vom Niederrhein ) until 1801, when Aachen became the " chef-lieu du département de la Roer " in Napoléon's First French Empire.

By the middle of the 2nd millennium BC, the Babylonian mathematics had a sophisticated sexagesimal positional numeral system.

By 1987 Ethernet was clearly winning the standards battle over Token Ring, and in the middle of that year Apple introduced EtherTalk 1. 0 for the newly released Macintosh II computer.

By the middle of the 6th century the king of Babylon was Nabonidus.

By the middle of the dry season, the intertropical convergence zone moves south of Chad, taking the rain with it.

By the 1920s, the emerging middle and working classes were powerful enough to elect a reformist president, Arturo Alessandri Palma.

By the middle of the decade, some of the 1950s generation of American comedians, such as Jerry Lewis, went into decline, while Peter Sellers found success with international audiences in his first American film The Pink Panther.

By the middle of the 19th century it was the largest and most modern glassworks in the world.

By the middle of the 18th century, " casuistry " became a synonym for moral laxity.

By the middle of the Devonian, several groups of plants had evolved leaves and true roots, and by the end of the period the first seed-bearing plants appeared.

By the middle of the century, the population was bolstered by emigration from the Canary Islands, resettling the northern part of the colony and planting tobacco in the Cibao Valley, and importation of slaves was renewed.

By the middle of December, some high-speed runs were made, in excess of but still well below Campbell's existing record.

By the middle of the 3rd century BC, the Romans had secured the whole of the Italian peninsula, except Gallia Cisalpina ( Po Valley ).

By the middle of June the political situation in Barcelona had deteriorated and the POUM — painted by the pro-Soviet Communists as a Trotskyist organisation — was outlawed and under attack.

By the next century, gardens became available to the middle class as well.

By 1793, the execution of the French king and the onset of the Terror disillusioned the Bildungsbürgertum ( educated middle classes ).

By the middle of the 12th century, coats of arms were being inherited by the children of armigers ( persons entitled to use a coat of arms ) across Europe.

By the middle of the 14th century, the power of the Mongols was declining, and the Grand Princes felt able to openly oppose the Mongol yoke.

By 2000 the social structure included a politically active working class, a primarily clerical middle class, and an upper bracket consisting of managers, entrepreneurs, and professionals.

By the middle of the 17th century, plays such as Robert Davenport's King John and Matilda, although based largely on the earlier Elizabethan works, were transferring the role of Protestant champion to the barons and focusing more on the tyrannical aspects of John's behaviour.

By the middle of the decade the first true kickboxing events were being held in Osaka.

By the middle of 1990, Taylor controlled much of the country, and by June laid siege to Monrovia.

By the 15th century there is evidence for the renewed use of lidded cementation crucibles at Zwickau in Germany.

By the 15th century, the Aztecs gained control of a large part of Mesoamerica, and adopted cacao into their culture.

By the 15th century calico from Gujarat made its appearance in Egypt.

By 15: 00, the 3rd Reconnaissance Regiment and part of 21st Panzer Division from the north and 33rd Reconnaissance Regiment and the Baade Group comprising elements from 15th Panzer Division from the south were in place under Lieutenamnt-General ( General der Panzertruppe ) Walther Nehring.

By the late 15th century some vihuelas were played with a bow, leading to the development of the viol.

By the 15th century, the Ottomans ruled most of the Balkan Peninsula.

By the 15th century CE, the farming Bakongo people ( ba being the plural prefix ) were unified as the Kingdom of Kongo under a ruler called the manikongo, residing in the fertile Pool Malebo area on the lower Congo River.

By the end of the 15th century was widely professed and taught in many theological faculties, but such was the influence of the Dominicans, and the weight of the arguments of Thomas Aquinas ( who had been canonised in 1323 and declared " Doctor Angelicus " of the Church in 1567 ) that the Council of Trent ( 1545 – 63 )— which might have been expected to affirm the doctrine — instead declined to take a position.

By the early 15th century, the ruling structure had split into several large groups known as khanates, including the Nogai Horde and the Uzbek Khanate.

By the 15th century, the Sengoku Jidai civil war erupted, and the vast need for swords together with the ferocity of the fighting caused the highly artistic techniques of the Kamakura period ( known as the " Golden Age of Swordmaking ") to be abandoned in favor of more utilitarian and disposable weapons.

By the early 15th century, stern measures were undertaken by Church and state which drove Lollardy underground.

By the 15th century, Islam had become the dominant religion in Java and Sumatra, Indonesia's two most populous islands.

By his marriage with a Francesca Orsini of Monterotondo was born Gentile Virginio Orsini, one of the most relevant figures of Italian politics in the late 15th century.

By the early 15th century at the latest, Robin Hood had become associated with May Day celebrations, with revellers dressing as Robin or as members of his band for the festivities.

By the end of the 15th century, " Standard English " was established in the City of London.

By the end of the 15th century there had been a myriad of autonomous Christian kingdoms and principalities.

By the 15th Century, pattens became popular by both men and women in Europe.

By 1353, the three original cantons had been joined by the cantons of Glarus and Zug and the city states of Lucerne, Zürich, and Bern, forming the " Old Federation " of eight states that persisted during much of the 15th century.

By the end of the 15th century, the discovery of a sea route from Europe to the Far East ended the need for an overland trade route through Syria.

By the end of the 15th century, the population in Stockholm can be estimated to 5, 000 – 7, 000 people, which made it a relatively small town compared to several other contemporary European cities.

By the 15th century, its authority in the Spanish Jewish community was such that Joseph ibn Shem-Tov drew from it arguments in his attacks against Maimonides, and even representatives of non-mystical Jewish thought began to assert its sacredness and invoke its authority in the decision of some ritual questions.

By the end of the 15th century, the practice of acting these plays in cycles on festival days was established in several parts of Europe.

By the middle of the 15th century Po-ni had entered into a close relationship with the Muslim kingdom of Malacca.

By the end of the 15th century, Portugal expelled some local Jews, along with those refugees that came from Castile and Aragon after 1492.

By the 15th and 16th centuries, the Greek spoken in Calabria was rapidly replaced by Latin, the dominant language of the Italian Peninsula through a process of Italianization.