Puttenham, in the time of Elizabeth I of England, wished to start from Elissabet Anglorum Regina ( Elizabeth Queen of the English ), to obtain Multa regnabis ense gloria ( By thy sword shalt thou reign in great renown ); he explains carefully that H is " a note of aspiration only and no letter ", and that Z in Greek or Hebrew is a mere SS.

By the end of the reign of Naram-Sin's son, Shar-kali-sharri ( 2217 – 2193 BC ), the empire had weakened.

By the end of Andronikos II's reign, much of Bithynia was in the hands of the Ottoman Turks of Osman I and his son and heir Orhan.

By the end of Qianlong Emperor's long reign, the Qing Empire was at its zenith.

By the end of his reign, Diocletian had secured the entire length of the Danube, provided it with forts, bridgeheads, highways, and walled towns, and sent fifteen or more legions to patrol the region ; an inscription at Sexaginta Prista on the Lower Danube extolled restored tranquilitas at the region.

By 84, Domitia had returned to the palace, where she lived for the remainder of Domitian's reign without incident.

By the end of Alfred's reign in 899 he was the only remaining English king, having reduced Mercia to a dependency of Wessex, governed by his son-in-law Ealdorman Aethelred.

By the reign of Alexander III, the Scots were in a position to annexe the remainder of the western seaboard, which they did following Haakon Haakonarson's ill-fated invasion and the stalemate of the Battle of Largs with the Treaty of Perth in 1266.

By the 11th century, particularly during the reign of Yaroslav the Wise, Kievan Rus ' displayed an economy and achievements in architecture and literature superior to those that then existed in the western part of the continent.

By the reign of King James I & VI, the process was completed with the plantation of the last remaining princely domains in the province of Ulster.

The reign of Aurangzeb had marked the height of Mughal power, By 1690.

By the end of the reign of Cunincpert, however, the Lombards were more or less completely Catholicised.

The two stories agree on this point: Livy's version is: By this blood-most pure before the outrage wrought by the king's son-I swear, and you, O gods, I call to witness that I will drive hence Lucius Tarquinius Superbus, together with his cursed wife and his whole blood, with fire and sword and every means in my power, and I will not suffer them or any one else to reign in Rome.

By the end of Suleiman's reign, the Empire's population totaled about 15, 000, 000 people.

By 1887 during the next reign, King Chulalongkorn a permanent military command in the Kalahom Department was established.

By far the most dangerous threat to the Tudor dynasty during Elizabeth's reign was the Spanish Armada of 1588.

By the end of the king's long reign, rich Baroque designs were giving way to lighter elements with more curves and natural patterns.

By the last years of Tamar's reign, the Georgian state had reached the zenith of its power and prestige in the Middle Ages.

By the later part of the reign of Charles I, few new plays were being written for the public theatres, which sustained themselves on the accumulated works of the previous decades.

By the end of Henry VII's reign, the king's frugality, and Morton's tax policy, carried out by Edmund Dudley and Richard Empson, had replenished the treasury.

By the end of his reign, he controlled Manchuria, Mongolia, and the Tarim Basin, subjugating over twenty states east of Samarkand.

By the time of Elizabeth ’ s reign, gambling was a common sport.

By the end of Edgar's reign, England was sufficiently unified that it was unlikely to regress back to a state of division among rival kingships, as it had to an extent under Eadred's reign.

By the early 7th century, the official government language segued into Greek during the lengthy reign of Heraclius ( 610 – 641 ).

By this time Tiberius had left more of the day-to-day running of the Empire to Lucius Aelius Sejanus.

By the 1st century B. C., the praenomina remaining in general use at Rome were: Appius, Aulus, Caeso, Decimus, Gaius, Gnaeus, Lucius, Mamercus, Manius, Marcus, Numerius, Publius, Quintus, Servius, Sextus, Spurius, Titus, and Tiberius.

By the 2nd century A. D., several of these names had also passed out of general use at Rome, leaving Aulus, Decimus, Gaius, Gnaeus, Lucius, Manius, Marcus, Numerius, Publius, Quintus, Sextus, Titus, and Tiberius.

By 582, with no apparent end to the Persian war in sight, Tiberius was forced to come to terms with the Avars, to whom he agreed to pay an indemnity and to hand over the vital city of Sirmium, which the Avars then destroyed.

By the end of Tiberius ’ s reign, it was the only legion in Africa.

By 23 it looked as if Drusus, who made no secret of his antipathy towards Sejanus, would succeed Tiberius as emperor.

By 6 BC, when Tiberius departed for Rhodes, if not earlier, the couple had separated.

By giving a false prediction of Tiberius ' longevity, the astrologer saved the lives of a number of noble Romans suspected falsely of plotting against the Emperor ; believing Thrasyllus implicitly, Tiberius was confident that he would outlive any plotters, and so failed to act against them.

By 1996, other engineers had joined in, because it was clear that Cygwin would be a useful way to provide Cygnus ' embedded tools hosted on Windows systems ( the previous strategy had been to use DJGPP ).

By March 1987 they had settled out of court, with all suits against Tramiel's engineers dropped.

By this time the team had several dozen engineers.

By mid-1992, the P5 team had 200 engineers.

By this time HP was the leading manufacturer of calculators for professionals, including engineers and accountants.

By the time of the First World War their ranks had been expanded with the adoption of modern technology in the Navy to include telegraphists, electricians, shipwrights, artificer engineers, etc.

By the early 1990s engineers were able to digitize video signals, greatly improving storage efficiency.

By 18 November, tanks were deemed essential, so engineers blasted tank routes through the forest.

By 1973, the two engineers successfully produced a functional prototype.

By the simple but costly expedient of never turning the machine off, the engineers reduced ENIAC's tube failures to the more acceptable rate of one tube every two days.

By November 1963, Irving was in England when he called the London Metropolitan Police with suspicions he had been the victim of a burglary, perpetrated by three men who had gained access to his Mayfair flat claiming to be General Post Office ( GPO ) engineers.

By the Finite Element Analysis, The engineers of Yonity found the best thickness and material.

By contrast, watercoloring was also valued by surveyors, mapmakers, military officers and engineers for its usefulness in depicting properties, terrain, fortifications or geology in the field and for illustrating public works or commissioned projects.

By 1999, with little headway on the modernisation project made, it became apparent to engineers that the technology was not mature enough to be used on the line.

By contrast, engineers want to know how to solve a problem, and how to implement that solution.

By 1973, through the efforts of several independent and competitive innovators, engineers, and producers, instrumental reggae " versions " from various studios had evolved into " dub " as a sub-genre of reggae.

By the 1950s German and British automotive engineers were systematically analyzing the effects of automotive drag for the higher performance vehicles.

By surviving a hit that Naval Sea Systems Command engineers thought should have sunk her, the Roberts validated the penny-pinching design of the, the U. S. Navy's largest post-WWII class until the Burkes ; and validated the Navy's against-the-odds decision to have picked BIW to design it.

By early 1943, the German government began recalling from combat a number of scientists, engineers, and technicians ; they returned to work in research and development to bolster German defense for a protracted war with the USSR.

By that time, WTTW engineers had further developed stereo audio on videotape recorders in their plant, using split audio track heads manufactured to their specifications, outboard record electronics, and Dolby noise reduction that allowed Soundstage to be recorded and electronically edited.

By contrast W. Fallows reported to the British Association for the Advancement of Science in 1863 that, for the inaugural run, a locomotive pulling 33 waggons ( five laden with coal, one of flour, one of " surveyors, engineers, & c .", six with " strangers ", fourteen with " workmen and others " and last of all, another six of coals ) passed from one end of the line to the other.

( By contrast, most engineers in China at this time were not the " hands on " type ; instead, theoretical studies were preferred.

By the mid-1960s, most individuals involved in the creation of computer art were in fact engineers and scientists because they had access to the only computing resources available at university scientific research labs.

By dawn on 15 November, Bonaparte's troops reached the intended crossing, and soon afterward Chef de brigade ( Colonel ) Antoine-François Andréossy's engineers had a pontoon bridge in operation.

By the morning of 10 September 1944, the engineers finally completed the bridge.