By pretreating wood pulp with this enzyme, paper manufacturers can achieve comparable levels of whiteness with much less chlorine bleach.

By the mid-1990s, numerous works across many disciplines analyzed whiteness, and it has since become a topic for academic courses, research and anthologies.

By the age of 16, Booth was interested in the theatre and in politics, becoming a delegate from Bel Air to a rally by the Know Nothing Party for Henry Winter Davis, the anti-immigrant party's candidate for Congress in the 1854 elections.

By the end of the 1980s, membership had fallen to just over 6, 000, 000 — little more than half the level of a decade earlier — and it also counted against the Labour Party's hopes of regaining power, as its relationship with the trade unions had traditionally been seen as a strength but after the Winter of Discontent it was seen as a liability.

By the time of the January 1983 Winter NAMM Show, Smith was able to demonstrate a MIDI connection between his Prophet 600 analog synthesizer and a Roland JP-6.

** Holocaust: By order of the Vichy France government headed by Pierre Laval, French police officers round-up 13, 000 – 20, 000 Jews and imprison them in the Winter Velodrome.

*" Hu Jintao and the Party Politburo ", Winter 2004: Party Affairs, By Alice L. Miller, China Leadership Monitor No. 9

" By: Chen, Shu-ching ; Tamkang Review: A Quarterly of Literary and Cultural Studies, 2006 Winter ; 37 ( 2 ): 1-32.

" By: Freedman, Jonathan ; Michigan Quarterly Review, 2003 Winter ; 42 ( 1 ): 230-54.

" By: Matsukawa, Yuko ; MELUS, 1993-1994 Winter ; 18 ( 4 ): 111-20.

" By: Satz, Martha ; Southwest Review, 1993 Winter ; 78 ( 1 ): 132-40.

De Smet, South Dakota attracts many fans with its historic sites from the books By the Shores of Silver Lake, The Long Winter, Little Town on the Prairie, These Happy Golden Years, and The First Four Years.

By the next day, the German position had been turned and the Germans commenced a fighting withdrawal to the forward Winter Line positions they were preparing on the ridges behind the Sangro River.

By the end of the novel, it is revealed that he is the Comte de la Fère, who was Milady's husband before she married the Baron de Winter.

* " Revisiting the Circuitous Odyssey of the Baroque Picaresque Novel: Reinaldo Arenas's El mundo alucinante ," By: Angela L. Willis, Comparative Literature, 2005 Winter ; 57 ( 1 ): 61-83.

* " The Traumas of Unbelonging: Reinaldo Arenas's Recuperations of Cuba ," By: Laurie Vickroy, MELUS: The Journal of the Society for the Study of the Multi-Ethnic Literature of the United States, 2005 Winter ; 30 ( 4 ): 109-28.

By the 1970s, Texas blues had lost its popularity, but was revived by the blues rock stylings of artists like Johnny Nitzinger, Johnny Winter, Edgar Winter, ZZ Top, Bugs Henderson and The Fabulous Thunderbirds, who set the stage for Stevie Ray Vaughan's blues revival in the 80's.

Dakota Territory was the setting for several novels by Laura Ingalls Wilder, including By the Shores of Silver Lake, The Long Winter, Little Town on the Prairie, These Happy Golden Years and The First Four Years.

By the early 20th century, there were two national circuits of burlesque shows competing with the vaudeville circuit, as well as resident companies in New York, such as Minsky's at the Winter Garden.

* Norma Fleck Award: Andy Turnbull and Debora Pearson, By Truck to the North: My Winter Adventure

By November 1939, when the Winter War began, the line was by no means complete.

* Andy Turnbull and Debora Pearson, By Truck to the North: My Winter Adventure

By participating in ice hockey at the 2006 Winter Olympics, Chelios set a new standard, by becoming the first player to take part in an Olympic ice hockey tournament, twenty-two years after he played in his first.

By conducting the expedition in Winter, it was hoped that there would be much less snow on the upper slopes, increasing the chances of finding Irvine, as well as the camera that it is hoped was in his possession.

By the early 1960s, Allan Ryskind ( son of Morrie Ryskind ) and Winter had acquired the publication.

By adopting the name Chung-cheng (" central uprightness "), he was choosing a name very similar to the name of Sun Yat-sen, who was ( and still is ) known among Chinese as Zhongshan ( 中山 — meaning " central mountain "), thus establishing a link between the two.

By ordering the solids correctly — octahedron, icosahedron, dodecahedron, tetrahedron, cube — Kepler found that the spheres could be placed at intervals corresponding ( within the accuracy limits of available astronomical observations ) to the relative sizes of each planet ’ s path, assuming the planets circle the Sun.

By referring to the clock when it is noon locally ( i. e. the Sun is at its highest in the sky where you are ) you can read, almost directly from the clock face, how far around the world you are from London.

By 2006, astronomers had resolved dust disks believed to be Kuiper belt-like structures around nine stars other than the Sun.

By convention, astronomers grouped stars into constellations and used them to track the motions of the planets and the inferred position of the Sun.

By the following century, the idea of the stars being the same as the Sun was reaching a consensus among astronomers.

By comparing the spectra of stars such as Sirius to the Sun, they found differences in the strength and number of their absorption lines — the dark lines in a stellar spectra due to the absorption of specific frequencies by the atmosphere.

By the end of the 1930s, Saks Fifth Avenue had a total of 10 stores, including resort locations such as Sun Valley, Mount Stowe, and Newport.

By the end of the 19th century, it was known that its orbit showed slight perturbations that could not be accounted for entirely under Newton's theory, but all searches for another perturbing body ( such as a planet orbiting the Sun even closer than Mercury ) had been fruitless.

By 1843, Le Verrier published his provisional theory on the subject, which would be tested during a transit of Mercury across the face of the Sun in 1843.

A star like Deneb, for instance, has a radius that is 203, yielding a mass of 19 and luminosity of 196, 000, which means that this blue-white supergiant radiates one hundred and ninety-six thousand times as much energy as the Sun .< ref name =" SCHILLER1 "> By contrast, the much cooler Betelgeuse has a luminosity of approximately 120, 000, a figure which is only possible because it is considerably larger than Deneb ; with a radius of about 995, Betelgeuse is about 15 times its size.

* 1862 – By analysing the spectroscopic signature of the Sun and comparing it to those of other stars, Father Angelo Secchi determines that the Sun is itself a star.

* By serving the end-user specially programmed Adobe Flash SWF applications or Sun Java applets that send HTTP calls back to their server.

By age 13 in 1878 after receiving a few years of local schooling, Sun went to live with his elder brother, Sun Mei ( 孫眉 ) in Honolulu.

By helping the Philippine Republic, Sun hoped that the Filipinos would win their independence so that he could use the archipelago as a staging point of another revolution.

By this time Sun had become convinced that the only hope for a unified China lay in a military conquest from his base in the south, followed by a period of political tutelage that would culminate in the transition to democracy.

By the time he was born, he already had an older brother Sun Dezhang ( 孫德彰 ), an older sister Sun Jinxing ( 孫金星 ) who died at the early age of 4.

* MY GRANDFATHER, DR. SUN YAT-SEN – By Lily Sui-fong Sun

The album itself differs significantly from the first pre-release version of it that had circulated: the songs " Us ", " Deeper ", " Don't Pass Me By ", " Too Far Gone ", " Northern Lights ", and " Loser Like Me " were cut, and " Down and Out of Time ", " A Million Parachutes ", " Tonight ", " Waiting on the Sun ", and a cover of Crowded House's " Don't Dream It's Over " were added.

Elsewhere, Amazing Stories, Friends, The Tick, 3rd Rock from the Sun, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Histeria !, Wayside, Danny Phantom, CatDog, As Told By Ginger, Rugrats ( in " All Growed Up ", an episode which would form the basis of the spinoff All Grown Up !, for which she also provided voice work ), 7th Heaven, The Flintstones, Avatar: The Last Airbender and Metalocalypse.

By this, Sun meant freedom from imperialist domination.